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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which state can be compressed or squashed easily? |
A gas can be compressed or squashed easily. |
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At room temperature, what state is mercury in? |
Mercury is the only metal element that is liquid at room temperature. |
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What happens to the pressure of a gas when it is heated at constant volume? |
When the temperature of a gas is increased, its pressure increases. |
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When 100 grams of water is boiled, what mass of steam is made? |
100 grams of steam would be produced because of the conservation of mass. No mass would be lost because all the molecules of water are still there. |
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Why would the volume of water be greater at 25°C than 0°C, as ice? |
The volume of water is greater at 25°C than it is at 0°C because water has more density and when it freezes the density decreases. Also 4°C turns out to be the temperature at which water has the highest density. If you heat it or cool it it will expand. |
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Why does water expand when heated? |
it expands when heated because the molucules are moving faster and need room to move. it contracts when frozen because the mocules dont move at all, so there need not be any room in between them. |
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Does water expand when frozen? |
Usually substances tend to contract when frozen. This is because, normally, if you make something hotter, it vibrates more. When it vibrates more, it tends to take up more space, so it tends to expand.Ice is very unusual that, as it gets colder, although the particles are vibrating less, it expands. The reason for that is due to the structure of the water molecule. The oxygen atom is slightly negative, and the hydrogens are slightly positively charged, so water molecules tend to stick together forming what are called hydrogen bonds. And because of that shape of the molecule, the way water molecules tend to link together is actually a very open structure with big holes. That means, there's quite a lot of extra "empty" space. When water freezes it releases energy because lots of extra strong bonds can be made. But it does take up more space. And so, ice expands when it freezes. |
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What are atoms? |
Atoms are the smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist. |
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What are elements? |
Chemicals made from only one type of atom are called elements. Each element is different because they all have different atoms |
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What is a molecule? |
A small group of atoms which are joined together is called a molecule. |
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What is a compound? |
If different types of atoms join together they make compounds. Compounds are completely different to the elements they are made from. |
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What is a mixture? |
A mixture is a material system made up of two or more different substances which are mixed but are not combined chemically. A mixture refers to the physical combination of two or more substances like the combination of iron and sulfur to make iron sulfide.
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The law of atoms? |
NO ATOMS ARE GAINED OR LOST! There are the same number of atoms on eache side of the equation which means they are equal |
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What is formulae? |
The formulae of a compound shows the symbols of the elements it is made from and how many atoms of each element they are. |
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What if the compound is made from 2 elements how do you name it? |
The first part of the name is the name of the metal element. The non-metal makes up the last part of the name The naming of the non-metal element changes to -ide THESE ARE CALLED IONIC COMPOUNDS MEANING THEY INCLUDE A NON-METAL AND A METAL. |
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Compounds that include 3 ELEMENTS?! |
Compound names that end in -ate They contain 2 elements and and oxygen SILVER NITRATE= SILVER NITROGEN OXYGEN |
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What is a metal hydroxide? |
A compound containing a metal, hydrogen and oxygen is called a meatl hydroxide. |
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Iron + Fluorine= |
Iron Floride |
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Copper + Sulfur= |
Copper Sulfide |
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sodium + chlorine= |
Sodium chloride |
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Calcium+Carbon+Oxygen= |
Calcium Carbonate |
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Copper=Sulfur+Oxygen= |
Copper Sulphate |
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Potassium+Phosphorus+Oxygen+ |
Potassium Phosphate |
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What are metal oxides? |
Metals react with oxygen in the air to produce METAL OXIDES |
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What are non- metal oxides? |
Non-metals reacts with oxygen in the air to produce NON-METAL OXIDES. |
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What is combustion? |
Combustion is a chemical reaction where a fuel reacts with oxygen. |
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What are the products of a candle burning? |
When a candle burns, the reactants are fuel (the candlewick and wax) and oxygen (in the air). The products are carbon dioxide gas and water vapor. |
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What happens in combustion |
Fuels react with a gas in the air when burning, and release heat (+light) energy. |
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What are 3 things you need for combustion? |
Oxygen, Fuel and heat |
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word equation for combustion? |
Propane(fuel) + oxygen---> Carbon dioxide + Water |
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What are the fuels made from? |
Most fuels are hydrocarbons which mean they are compounds of hydrogen and carbon only. |
