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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the name of the articular branch of the vagus nerve?
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Arnold nerve
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Pain with stimulation of the tragus is indicative of...
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External otitis
(if there is no tragus sign, think otitis media) |
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What is Otitis Externa? What organism is usually responsible in children and adults?
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Infection of inner 2/3 of auditory canal.
Most common organism cultured is Pseudomonas in children and adults. |
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9 month old presents with ear pain, decreased hearing, fever, malaise and restless at night. What is going on?
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Acute otitis media --> systemic signs of infection,
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DOC for otitis externa? (2)
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Neomycin drops (AG) --> except if the TM looks ruptured (remember ototoxicity); 7 days
Ofloxacin drops (fluoroquinolone) --> 10 days |
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Most common microbe in otitis media? First line treatment?
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Most commonly a virus, but most common bacteria is strep pneumoniae.
Amoxicillin --> if PCN allergy --> TMP/SMX --> if sulfa allergy --> ceftriaxone |
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What criteria must be met in order to warrant the placement of tympanostomy tubes?
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recurrent otitis is defined as three or more episodes of AOM in a 6 month period or four episodes in a year with normal exams in between.
** note, tubes and antibiotic prophylaxis have equal efficacy |
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What is the most common cause of red eye?
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Conjunctivitis
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Patient presents with bilateral red eyes, itching and mucoid discharge.
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Allergic conjunctivitis- can also see tearing or watery discharge and a history of allergic rhinitis, asthma or atopic dermatitis
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What is acute narrow angle glaucoma?
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blockage of aqueous humor flow through the canal of Schlemm, resulting in increased intraocular pressure --> EMERGENCY!
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Patient presents with eye pain, blurred vision and reports seeing halos around lights.
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Acute narrow/closed angle glaucoma
EMERGENCY Treat immediately with pilocarpine (cholinomimetic) |
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Most likely cause of painless red eye?
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Subconjunctival hemorrhage --> blood accumulates between conjunctiva and sclera
usually a benign process that can be caused by minor trauma (coughing, pushing in labor, valsalva) |
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Patient presents with unilateral red eye and itching, tearing, exudative discharge and preauricular adenopathy.
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Viral conjunctivitis!
only difference between viral and bacterial is that bacterial does NOT have preauricular adenopathy. |
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67 year old male presents with chief complaint of burning, itching and redness of his left eye. He states that his eyelids frequently stick together in the morning.
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Blepharitis
Common in 6th and 7th decade. |
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Patient presents with a swollen, painful, red mass along lid margin. What caused this?
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This is a hordeolum (sty). Most common causative agent it staphylococcus aureus.
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Treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis?
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Usually involves topical drops or ointment --> Bacitracin ointment, erythromycin, neomycin, gentamicin, cipro
Systemic antibiotics are indicated in gonococcal and chlamydial infections and necessitate a referral to the ophthalmologist |
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Treatment of viral conjunctivitis?
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self limiting (excluding herpesviruses)
Herpes and varicella must be treated wtih oral antivirals |
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What are the two types of blepharitis? What causes them? Treatment?
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Anterior blepharitis- seborrheic dermatitis, staphylococcal infection
Posterior blepharitis- Meibomian glands become clogged Warm compress 2x/day for 3-5 minutes, throw away makeup (incase of staph infection) |
