Year 10 Revision

Front 1

The structure of a leaf

Back 1

Upper epidermis is thin and pransparent to let more light in soit can reach the palisade cells

Thin cuticle made of wax too protect the leaf without blocking out light

Palisade cell layer at top of leaf to absorb more light

Spongy layer air spaces allow carbon dioxide to diffuse through the leaf and increase the surface area

Palisade cells contain many chloroplasts to absorb all the available light

Front 2

Diffusion

Back 2

Diffusion occurs when particles spread. They move from a region where they are in high concentration to a region where they are in low concentration. Diffusion happens when the particles are free to move. This is true in gases and for particles dissolved in solutions. Particles diffuse down a concentration gradient, from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Front 3

Anaerobic respiration

Back 3

It is a form of respiration using electron acceptors other than oxygen. Although oxygen is not used as the final electron acceptor, the process still uses a respiratory electron transport chain; it is respiration without oxygen

Glucose -----> Lactic Acid (+ energy released)

Front 4

Control Variables

Back 4

In an experiment, the control variable is something that is constant and unchanged. Further, a control variable strongly influences values; it is held constant to test the relative impact of independent variables.

Front 5

Graph interpretation and analysis

Back 5

The way you interpret a graph is you see what

the graph is telling you, what patterns or trends are on the graph. The equation for a speed-time graph is Change in speed divide by time taken

Front 6

Genetic Disorders

Back 6

A genetic disorder is a disease that is caused by an abnormality in an individual's DNA. Abnormalities can be as small as a single-base mutation in just one gene, or they can involve the addition or subtraction of entire chromosomes.

Front 7

Enzymes - lock and key mechanism

Back 7

The lock and key mechanism means only one enzyme can only do one job. For E.G. Amylase can only break down starch into sugar, protease can only break down proteins into amino acid and lipase can only break down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol.

Certain enzymes can only be produced in certain places. Amylase is produced in the salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine. Protease is produced in the stomach, pancreas, small intestine. Lipids is produced in the pancreas, small intestine.