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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the gene affect and the resultant problem for each cancer. There may be more than 1 from each category.
Neurofibromatosis 1 |
Gene: RAS family
Problem: mutation in Signal transduction (protoncogene) |
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Name the cause(s) of the cancer, what gene(s) is/are affected and what is/are the resultant problem(s).
Lung Cancer |
d/t: increase miRNA expression which will cause a decrease in the RAS protein (thus the RAS gene is affected) resulting in signal transduction protein (protooncogene)
It's also d/t Mutation of the CYP1A1 gene which increases the risk of lung cancer bc it metabolizes polycyclic hydrocarbons. |
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Name the cause(s) of the cancer, what gene(s) is/are affected and what is/are the resultant problem(s).
CML |
D/t: t(9;22) hybrid fusion gene in the ABL-BCR gene resulting in a mutation in tyrosine kinase (protooncogene)
9;22--> philadelphia chromosome |
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Name the cause(s) of the cancer, what gene(s) is/are affected and what is/are the resultant problem(s).
Burkitt's lymphoma |
d/t: overexpression of the t(8;14) translocation in the MYC gene which will result in a mutation in the transcription factor.
hint: B when written sloppily, looks like 8. Maybe that will help. |
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Name the cause(s) of the cancer, what gene(s) is/are affected and what is/are the resultant problem(s).
Neuroblastoma |
d/t amplification (which usually occurs d/t a DNA defect) in the NMYC.
No results known at this point and time to me. |
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Name the cause(s) of the cancer, what gene(s) is/are affected and what is/are the resultant problem(s).
Breast Cancer |
d/t amplifications of ERBB2 gene, hypermethylation of BRCA1 and 2 resulting in a mutation in the homologous recombination repair/ cell growth inhibitors, and overexpression of the cycline gene resulting in a mutation of cyclin which allows for uncontrolled growth.
recap: d/t: amplification, hypermethylation and overexpression genes: ERBB2, BRCA1 and 2 and cycline, respectively |
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Name the cause(s) of the cancer, what gene(s) is/are affected and what is/are the resultant problem(s).
Esophagus Carcinoma |
d/t: overexpression in the cyclin gene resulting in a mutation in cyclin allowing for uncontrolled growth
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Name the cause(s) of the cancer, what gene(s) is/are affected and what is/are the resultant problem(s).
Liver carcinoma |
d/t: overexpression in the cyclin gene resulting in a mutation in cyclin allowing for uncontrolled growth
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Name the cause(s) of the cancer, what gene(s) is/are affected and what is/are the resultant problem(s).
Glioblastoma |
d/t: amplification in the CDK4 gene resulting in a mutation in CDK allowing for uncontrolled growth.
also deletion in gene p16 which will result in a mutation in CDKI allowing all cells regardless of mutations to progress through the cell cycle. |
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Name the cause(s) of the cancer, what gene(s) is/are affected and what is/are the resultant problem(s).
Pancreatic carcinoma |
d/t: deletion of the p16 gene causing a mutation in CDKI allowing all cells regardless of mutations to progress through the cell cycle.
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Name the cause(s) of the cancer, what gene(s) is/are affected and what is/are the resultant problem(s).
Melanoma |
d/t: mutation in the p16 (CDKN2a) gene resulting in a mutation in CDKI allowing for every cell regardless of mutation to continue on through the cell cycle
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Name the cause(s) of the cancer, what gene(s) is/are affected and what is/are the resultant problem(s).
Li-Fraumeni |
d/t: mutation in the p53 gene which causes a decrease in BAX which is a tumor suppressor gene. This will prevent apoptosis of damaged cells.
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Name the cause(s) of the cancer, what gene(s) is/are affected and what is/are the resultant problem(s).
Cervical carcinoma |
d/t: Increased degradation of HPV E6 in the p53 gene which decreases the amount of BAX which is a tumor suppressor gene. This will prevent apoptosis of damaged cells.
also there is an increased degradation of HPV E7 in the Retinoblastoma gene which is a tumor suppressor. Rb gene holds E2-F which allows the cells to cross into the S phase of the cell cycle. If Rb is degraded than E2-f will be floating around allowing all cells to enter the cell cycle. |
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Name the cause(s) of the cancer, what gene(s) is/are affected and what is/are the resultant problem(s).
Colon cancer |
d/t: mutation in the adenosis polyposis coli gene (APC) which is a Tumor suppressor gene. Normally APC is bound to b-catenin in order to control proliferation, in this condition, APC and b-catenin are separated and proliferation continues unregulated
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Name the cause(s) of the cancer, what gene(s) is/are affected and what is/are the resultant problem(s).
Cowden syndrome |
d/t: inactivating mutation of PTEN which is a Tumor suppressor gene. PTEN is normally a phosphatase that breaks the PI3/AKT pathway that leads to gene transcription, inactivation of this leads to Cowden's.
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Name the cause(s) of the cancer, what gene(s) is/are affected and what is/are the resultant problem(s).
B cell lymphoma |
d/t: decreased miRNA expression in the BCL-2 gene which will prevent apoptosis as an anti-apoptotic factor. A decreased miRNA expression will lead to an increased expression of oncogenes continuing will unregulated proliferation.
also there will be an increased expression of t(14;18) in the BCL-2 gene which will prevent apoptosis again. |
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Name the cause(s) of the cancer, what gene(s) is/are affected and what is/are the resultant problem(s).
Follicular lymphoma |
d/t: overexpression of t(14;18) in the BCL-2 gene which is an anti-apoptotic factor
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Name the cause(s) of the cancer, what gene(s) is/are affected and what is/are the resultant problem(s).
Hereditary nonpolyposis Colon cancer (HNPCC) |
D/t: microsatellite instability d/t a deficient mismatch repair.
These microsatellite instabilities can be formed by tandem repeats in DNA, deletions or insertions and therefore cause frameshift mutations |
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Name the cause(s) of the cancer, what gene(s) is/are affected and what is/are the resultant problem(s).
xeroderma pigmentosum |
d/t: defect in nucleotide excision repair which causes UVB light to damage DNA and the defective nucleotide excision repair to create pyrimidine dimers
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Name the cause(s) of the cancer, what gene(s) is/are affected and what is/are the resultant problem(s).
Retinoblastoma |
d/t: deletion in the 13q14 gene
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Name the cause(s) of the cancer, what gene(s) is/are affected and what is/are the resultant problem(s).
Small cell carcinoma |
D/t deletion in the 3p gene.
Other thing about SCC: it's associated paraneoplastic syndrome is cushing syndrome by producing ACTH |
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Name the cause(s) of the cancer, what gene(s) is/are affected and what is/are the resultant problem(s).
Colorectal cancer |
D/t: deletion of the 17p, 5q, 18q gene and also d/t hypermethylation of MLH1 which results in a mutation in cell growth inhibitors
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Name the cause(s) of the cancer, what gene(s) is/are affected and what is/are the resultant problem(s).
Renal Cancer |
d/t: hypermethylation of VHL results in a mutation in the cell growth inhibitors
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what cancers are associated with these chemicals:
Nitrosamines Vinyl chloride Benzene |
Stomach cancer, angiosarcoma, leukemia/hodgkin lymphoma respectively
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Name the cause(s) of the cancer, what gene(s) is/are affected and what is/are the resultant problem(s).
T cell leukemia |
d/t: HTLV-1 virus which infects the CD4 T cells which causes teh Tax gene to encode for a protein that proliferates leads to a differentiation of T cells, enhancing cyclin D and inactivating p16/INK4A. This will allow the cells toe proliferate without anything stopping them
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Name the cause(s) of the cancer, what gene(s) is/are affected and what is/are the resultant problem(s).
nasopharyngeal carcinoma |
d/t: EBVirus triggering B cell proliferation which increases the change of a t(8;14) and thus overexpression of cMYC leading to Burkitt's lymphoma. WHen EBNA2 upregulates cyclin D, that is how you get nasopharyngeal carcinoma
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