Y2B3 Do15 Pharm Cancer Chemotherapy

Front 1

what are some characteristics of uncontrolled growth in tumors?

Back 1

invasiveness
metastases - via MMP
capacity for dedifferentiation
ability to accumulate mutations
uncontrolled growth

Front 2

what is a kill ratio

Back 2

given dose of a cytotoxic drug that destorys a constant fraction of the malignant cells

Front 3

what is the difference between cell cycle specific and non specific?

Back 3

CCS only acts in active cells/cells traversing the cell cycle
CCNS acts on Go/resting phase, has worse toxicity

Front 4

what are some alkylating agents that can be used in tx of brain tumors because they can cross the BBB

Back 4

lomustine, carmustine

Front 5

what is the MOA of alkylating agents?

Back 5

alkylation @ n7 position of guanine. they allows cross linking within a DNA strand to occur --> miscoding, depurination, and strand breakage

Front 6

what are some SE of nitrosoureas?

Back 6

neurotoxicity --> nausea and vomiting in acute phase

chronic phase :
leukopenia sterility carcinogenic alopecia thrombocytopenia

Front 7

which alkylating drug will give you pulmonary fibrosis and hepatic toxicity?

Back 7

busulfan

Front 8

which will be activated in the liver and could lead to hemorrhagic cystitis if acrolein is made

Back 8

cychlophosphamide

Front 9

what is the rescue agent to form an inactive compound with acrolein so hemorrhagic cystitis doesn't occur with cyclophosphamide use?

Back 9

mesna

Front 10

what is a SE of cyclophosphamide?

Back 10

hepatotoxicity

Front 11

what are some Rx uses of cyclphosphamide?

Back 11

BON NHL

breast ovarian neuroblastoma NHL

Front 12

what is the MOA of procarbazine?

Back 12

forms h202 --> free radicals and dna strand scission

Front 13

what are some SE of procarbazine?

Back 13

bone marrow suppression, *leukomogenic, teratogenic, *pulmonary toxicity

Front 14

what are some platinum analogs and how do they work?

Back 14

they complex and react with DNA, forming intra interstrand cross links --> cytotoxic effects

cisplatin
carboplatin

Front 15

what are some SE of cisplatin/carboplatin?

Back 15

cisplatin : nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

carboplatin: myelosuppression

Front 16

what is an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase --> inhibition of formation of thymidine and therfore no DNA synthesis

Back 16

mtx

Front 17

mtx does NOT cross the BBB. how does it get into the brain?

Back 17

if injected intrathecally

Front 18

what are some SE of mtx?

Back 18

nephrotoxicity
bone marrow depression
mucositis

Front 19

what is a rescue drug for mtx?

Back 19

leucovorin

Front 20

leukemias, lymphomas, breast cancer all use what drug that they all have in common?

Back 20

mtx

Front 21

this drug needs HGPRT to convert it to its active form. inhibits several enzymes needed for purine synthesis and with formation of NDA/RNA

Back 21

6 thiopurines

Front 22

what are some SE of 6 mercaptoppurine, 6-thioguanine

Back 22

HIM
hepatotoxicity
immunosuppression
myelosuppresion

Front 23

what is the main tx for ALL (acute loymphocytic leukemia)

Back 23

purine antagonists

Front 24

this inhibits DNA pol alpha and beta

Back 24

fludarabine

Front 25

pyrimidine antagonist
SE: nausea, diarrhea, mucositis, bone marrow depression, alopecia

Back 25

5 FU

Front 26

what are the therapeutic uses for 5FU

Back 26

think of follicles and upper
ovarian, breast, head and neck cancers

Front 27

this drug is S phase specific and activity is limited to hematologic malignancies

- blocks DNA pol a and b

Back 27

cytabarine

Front 28

what does cytabarine treat?

Back 28

ALL
Acute myelogenous leukemia

Front 29

what is the MOA of gemcitabine?

Back 29

inhibits ribonucleotide reductase --> decreases pool of nucleotides for DNA synthesis

Front 30

what is the only durg that is first line treatment of pancreatic ca?

Back 30

gemcitabine

Front 31

what drug blocks the formation of mitotic spindles and thus prevents assembly of MT

Back 31

vinca alkaloids

Front 32

what SE include myelosuppresion, painful ulcerations if extravasation occurs, and GI problems

Back 32

vinblastine

Front 33

i am used to treat hodgkin, NHL, breast cancer, testicular and i am a plant alkaloid that works on the M phase

Back 33

vinblastine

Front 34

i am used to treat ALL, hodgkin, leukemia, wilms and i also have tingling in my extremities and constipation as a SE and i am a plant alkaloid

Back 34

vincrinstine

Front 35

this drug's MOA is to build MT and then interfere with the mitotic spindle, preventing the MT disassembly into tubulin monomers

Back 35

taxanes (paclitaxel and docetaxel)

Front 36

what drugs work in the M phase?

Back 36

paclitaxel, vincristine, vinblastine

Front 37

what drugs have neurotoxicity?

Back 37

paclitaxel, vinblastine, cisplatin

Front 38

which drug works in the late s phase to the g2 phase?

Back 38

etoposides

Front 39

what is the MOA of etoposides

Back 39

inhibit dna pol II by forming a tertiary compelx --> strand breakage

Front 40

which one is used for solid tumors, lung cancer, hodkins, and NHL

Back 40

etoposide

Front 41

what is the MOA of camptothecins

Back 41

inhibits topoisomerase I and prevents tsrand ligation --> DNA damage

Front 42

which camptothecin must be converted to its active form

Back 42

irinotecan

Front 43

this anthracycline has major cardiotoxicity as a SE and may exacerbate CHF and cardiomyopathies

Back 43

doxorubicin

Front 44

which drug is cell cycle specific and chelates Fe2+ on one end and binds DNA on the other end and stops the cell cycle at g2?

Back 44

bleomycin

Front 45

what are the se of bleomycin

Back 45

pulmonary fibrosis ** main one
mucocutaneous rxn
alopecia

Front 46

what inhibits topoisomerase Ii but is an anthracycline and is used for pediatric tumors

Back 46

dactiniomycin

Front 47

what is used for hypoxic tumor cells

Back 47

mitomycin

Front 48

this is used to suppress the immune system before you get an organ transplant

Back 48

prednisone

Front 49

name the 2 treatments for breast cancer

Back 49

tamoxifen and trastuzumab

Front 50

which drug has a specific affinity for breast CA via binding to HER-2

Back 50

trastuzumab

Front 51

what is a tx for prostate cancer

Back 51

flutamide leuprolide goserelin

Front 52

what is a treatment for advanced breast cancer via inhibiting estrogen from being made by blocking aromatase

Back 52

anastrozole letrozol exemestane

Front 53

this inhibits PDGF and should NOT be used if you have torsades

Back 53

nilotinib

Front 54

what are the bone marrow sparing agents

Back 54

cisplatin, bleomycin, vincristine

Front 55

combining what 2 drugs can decrease the likelihood of gaining resistance?

Back 55

mtx + vincristine

if resistance does develop it is dt p glycoprotein which transports foreign molecules out of the cell