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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the two common strains involved in osteomyelitis in patients with sickle cell disease?
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S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis
these are also the #2 cause of gastroenteritis |
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what two members of the enterobacteria family are non-H2S producers? which two are H2S producers?
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non-H2S: shigella and yersinia
H2S: proteus and salmonella |
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which version of salmonella causes typhoid fever?
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S. typhi
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which agar is selective and differential for salmonella?
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hektoen enteric agar
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what is the #3 cause of gastroenteritis? what's 1 and 2?
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shigella- 3
klebsiella- 2 e. coli- 1 |
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what household pet is to blame for salmonella infections?
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reptiles
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Leukocytosis + high ESR + relative bradycardia + sickle cell
think... |
salmonella
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T/F
In acute conditions of salmonella infection, blood culture is often negative. |
false..
it is often positive |
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how do you tx osteomyelitis in children?
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plaster jacket and tetracycline
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which populations are most affected by e.col causing osteomyelitis?
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neonates and immunocompromised
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which type of e. coli will cause osteomyelitis?
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extraintestinal pathogenic e coli
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what are the four groups of e coli that cause diarrhea?
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enterotoxigenic E. coli, enteroinvasive E. coli, enteropathogenic E. coli, Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
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what are the three antigen that are present on the structure of e. coli?
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O (outer membrane), K (capsular antigen) and H (flagellar antigen)
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what part of the ecoli is used for serotyping?
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flagellar antigens
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what is the periplasmic space?
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space between the inner and outer membrane in gram negative bacteria.
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what agar is specific for e. coli? what color is the colony if they are a lactose fermenter?
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MacConkey agar... pink colonies
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what is our first choice for tx for e coli osteomyelitis?
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ampicillin and TMP-SMZ
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T/F
E. coli is indole positive. |
true
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what are the radiological features of e coli osteomyelitis?
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cortical erosion, periosteal new bone formation, permeative radiolucency. Also may demonstrate presence of gas in the adjacent soft tissue
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what other two pathogens (besides e. coli) can produce gas?
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bacteroides and clostridium perfringens.
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what is the main infection caused by proteus?
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UTI's-- causes stone formation by producing urease.
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which pathogen is super duper motile?
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proteus
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which agar is used for proteus? what color does it turn?
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MacConkey's agar--- turns a tan color because it is not lactose fermenting.
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how do you tx proteus?
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aminoglucocides and penicillin w/ gram neg spectrum
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If a child begins to develop a sharp bend in the middle section of the backbone, with shortening and thickening of the chest, it is probably....
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tuberculosis of the spine
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what is the mnemonic for urease producing pathogens?
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PUNCH
proteus Urea plasma urylitical nocardia cryptococcus helicobacter |
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patients with prosthesis may suffer from one version of mycobacterium osteomyelitis?
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M. fortuitum
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what are the three pathogens that are anaerobes... ABC?
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actinomyces, bacteroides, clostridium
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how do you differentiate P. aeruginosa from Enterobacteriaceae?
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P. aeruginosa is oxidase positive
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typically, what region of the body is affected in Pott's disease?
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the spine... then maybe the hip and knee, but usually the spine
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what type of porin proteins are found on the outer cell membrane of P. aeruginosa?
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mutated porin protein
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what is alginate?
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mechanical barrier to the transfer of anti-microbial agents
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what exotoxin is produced by P. aeruginosa? how does it work?
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Exotoxin A. It inactivates EF-2 by ADP ribosylation and shuts dow protein synthesis causing cell death.
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what three things are directly secreted into the host cells by a specialized contact secretion system via P. aeruginosa?
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exotoxin A, exotoxin S, and elastase.
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what does a gross appearance of pott's disease look like?
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moth eaten
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what population is most at risk for P. aeruginosa osteomyelitis?
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noenates and IVDA
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what are the virulence factors of P. aeruginosa?
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exotoxin A- cytotoxic and locally destructive
exotoxin S- destructive to cells, particularly by its action on cytoskeleton elastin- digest elastase |
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how does the porin protein of P. aeurginosa affect what txs can be used?
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the mutated porin protein inhibits the tranportation of antimicrobials to the periplasmic spaces so we cannot use anti-microbials.
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what can we tx p. aeruginosa osteomyelitis with? how are severe infections txed?
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B-lactam antibiotics, newer aminoglycosides (-cin), and quinolones.
severe infections: txed w/ combo of b-lactam and aminoglycoside |
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how long is isoniazid used as a prophylaxis?
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6-9 months
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