Xxx

Front 1

Minute Men

Back 1

Special companies of militia formed in Massachusetts and elsewhere beginning in late 1774.

Front 2

Second Continental Congress

Back 2

Convened in Philadelphia on May 10, 1775, the Second Continental Congress called for the patchwork of local force to be organized in the Continental Army, authorized the formation of a navy, estabished a post office, and printed paper continental dollars to meet its expenses

Front 3

Declaration of Independence

Back 3

The document by which the second Continental Congress announced and justified its decision to renounce the colonies allegiance to the British government.

Front 4

continental army

Back 4

the regular or professional army authorized by the second continental congress and commanded by general George Washington during the revolutionary war

Front 5

Articles of Confederation

Back 5

Written document setting up the loose confederation of states that comprised the first national government of the United States from 1781 to 1788

Front 6

Shay's Rebellion

Back 6

An armed government movement of debt-ridden farmers in western Massachusetts in the winter of 1786-1787. The rebellion shut down courts and created a crisis atmosphere, strengthening the case of nationalists that a stronger central government was needed to maintain civil order in the states.

Front 7

Great Compromise

Back 7

Plan proposed by Roger Sherman of Connecticut at the 1787 Constitutional Convention for creating a national bicameral legislature in which all states would be equally represented in the senate and proportionally represented in the house.

Front 8

Constitution of the United States

Back 8

The written document providing for a new central government of the United States, drawn up at the Constitutional Convention in 1787 and ratified by the states in 1788

Front 9

Gang system

Back 9

The organization and supervision of slave field hands into working teams on southern plantations

Front 10

Nat Turner's Rebellion

Back 10

Uprising of slaves led by Nat Turner in South Hampton County, Virginia, in the summer of 1831 that resulted in the death of up to sixty white people

Front 11

Underground Railroads

Back 11

Support system set up by anti-slavery groups in the upper south and the north to assist fugitive slaves in escaping the south

Front 12

Black Codes

Back 12

Laws passed by states and municipalities denying many rights of citizenship to free black people before the civil war

Front 13

Compromise of 1850

Back 13

The four step compromise that admitted California as a free state, allowed the residents of the New Mexico and Utah territories to decide the slavery issue for themselves.

Front 14

Wilmot Proviso

Back 14

The amendment offered by Pennsylvania Democrat David Wilmot in 1846 which stipulated that as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any territory from the Republic of Mexico neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part

Front 15

Popular sovereignty

Back 15

A solution to the slavery crisis suggested by Michigan senator Lewis Cass by which territorial residents, not congress, would decide slavery fate

Front 16

Dred Scott decision

Back 16

Supreme Court ruling in a lawsuit brought by Dred Scott, a slave demanding his freedom based on his residence in a free state and a free territory with his master that slaves could not be U.S. citizens and that Congress had no Jurisdiction over slavery in the territories.

Front 17

transportation revolution

Back 17

Dramatic improvements in transportation that stimulated economic growth after 1815 by expanding the range of travel and reducing the time and cost of moving goods and people

Front 18

Rhode island system

Back 18

During the industrialization of the early 19th century, the recruitment of entire families for employment in a factory

Front 19

Cult of Domesticity

Back 19

The belief that women, by virtue of their sex, should stay home as the moral guardians of family life

Front 20

Nativist

Back 20

Favoring the interests and culture of native-born inhabitants over those of immigrants

Front 21

Emancipation Proclamation

Back 21

decree announced by president Abraham Lincoln in September 1862 and formally issued on January 1 1863, freeing slaves in all Confederate states still in rebellion

Front 22

Radical Republicans

Back 22

A shifting group of Republican congressmen usually a substantial minority, who favored the abolition of slavery from the beginning of the civil war and later advocated harsh treatment of the defeated south

Front 23

13 Amendment

Back 23

Constitutional amendment ratified in 1865 that freed all slaves throughout the United States

Front 24

Second Confiscation Act

Back 24

Law passed by Congress in July 1862 giving Union commanders the right to seize property as their armies marched through Confederate territory

Front 25

Freedmen bureau

Back 25

Agency established by Congress in March 1865 to provide social, educational, and economic services, advice and protection to former slaves and destitute whites and lasted 7 years

Front 26

Sharecropping

Back 26

Labor system that evolved during and after Reconstruction whereby landowners furnished laborers with a house, farm, animals, and tools and advanced credit in exchange for a share of the laborer crop.

Front 27

Black Codes

Back 27

Laws passed by states and municipalities denying many rights of citizenship to free blacks before the Civl war, Also during the reconstruction era, laws passed by newly elected southern state legislatures to control labor, mobility, and employment

Front 28

15 Amendment

Back 28

Passed by Congress in 1869, guaranteed the right of American men to vote regardless of race

Front 29

Carpetbagger

Back 29

describe northern transplant to the south many of whom were union soldiers who stayed in the south after the war

Front 30

Kkk

Back 30

Perhaps the most prominent of the vigilante groups that terrorized black people in the south during reconstruction era, founded by Confederate veterans in 1866

Front 31

14 Amendment

Back 31

Constitutional amendment passed by Congress in April 1866 incorporating some of the feature of the civil right Act of 1866. It prohibited states from violating the civil rights of their citizens and offered states the choice of allowing black people to vote or losing representation in congress