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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ATELECTASIS:
what are the causes(DDXs)? |
obstruction (airway obstructive dz)
contraction (airway restrictive dz) compression (d/t tumor - bronchogenic CA, bullae) |
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ATELECTASIS:
what are the signs? |
DIRECT:
- displacement of fissure IN THE DIRECTION of collapse - increased radiopacity - S sign of golden See a backward S in RUL usu INDIRECT: - hilar displacement TOWARD DENSITY (R is lower L) - elevation of diaphragm TOWARD DENSITY(R is higher L) - shift of mediastinum TOWARD DENSITY - silhouette sign - Lat view if in lower lobe will see VBs not getting as lucent as they shd be |
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CONSOLIDATION:
what are the causes?(DDXs)? |
Rem: "CHINAE"
- chronic infiltrative dz - hemorrhage & vasculitis - infection - neoplasm - bronchogenic CA - aspiration - edema OR pneumonia/infxn CHF trauma tumor, edema |
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CONSOLIDATION:
what are the xray signs? |
- there is NO SHIFT
- silhouette sign possible in upper mediastinum, heart border, or hemidiaphragm - freq air bronchograms - if in lower lobe will see the VBs not as lucent as they shd be |
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INFILTRATIVE DZ:
what is it? |
- can be w/ or w/o atelectasis or consolidation,
- can affect the parenchyma or interstitial space |
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INFILTRATIVE DZ:
what are the patterns? |
- reticular
- nodular - reticularnodular - honeycombing (severe fibrosis found in contraction dzs) |
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INFILTRATIVE DZ:
w/in the nodular pattern what is another subset? |
- very small nodules d/t miliary TB (miliary seeds)
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INFILTRATIVE DZ:
what are the DDXs for reticular and reticular-nodular and honeycomb pattern? |
Rem "SHIPS AND BOATS"
S=sarcoidosis (inflamm anywhere/mimicer of everything) H=histiocytosis (eosinophilic granuloma) I=infection (TB) P=Pneumoconioses (silicosis & asbestosis) S=scleroderma (conn. tissue dz) A=Amyloidosis (protein in tissues) N=neoplasms (lympathic mets) D=drug allergy B=bronchiectasis (destruction & widening of airways) O=oil aspiration A=arthritis (RA and AS) T=tuberous S=sclerosis (T & S are one thing) |
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INFILTRATIVE DZ:
what are the DDXs for nodular pattern? |
Rem "SPINE"
S=sarcoidosis P=pneumoconioses I=infection N=neoplasm E=Eosinophilic granuloma |
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PLEURAL FLUID/effusion:
what are the signs on xray? |
- meniscus sign:fluid traveling up the pleura
- shallow costophrenic angle/s - "high" diaphragm bc fluid level over it makes it look high - separation of diaphragm fm maganblasse - sometimes see fluid trapped in fissue = LOCULATED FLUID |
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PLEURAL FLUID/effusion:
what are the causes/DDXs? |
Rem "POINT Chest In Chest"
P=pulmonary embolus O=obstruction of great vv. I=infection N=neoplasm T=trauma C=CHF I=Infradiaphragmatic cause (ascites) C=collagen dz (SLE) |
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LOCAL PLEURAL MASSES:
causes? |
- loculated pleural fluid
- metastasis - Malignant mesothelioma - B9 mesothelioma - extra-pleural sign: dt rib mets, and secondary d/t MM, acute fx, fibrous dysplasia, rib infxn |
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CALCIFIC PLEURAL PLAQUING:
DDXs? |
- Old TB
- Old hematoma - Old empyema (is pus in pleural space that calcifies) - asbestosis |
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HILAR ENLARGMENT:
what is seen in unilateral type? |
enlarged vessels
enlarged lymph nodes tumor mass ie bronchogenic CA they look more opaque than usual |
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HILAR ENLARGEMENT:
what is seen bilateral type? |
enlarged vessels
enlarged lymph nodes sarcoidosis hodgkins lymphoma |
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ANTERIOR MEDIASTINAL MASSES:
DDXs? |
Rem " 3T HL "
Thymoma Thyroid Teratoma Hodgkins Lymphoma |
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POSTERIOR MEDIASTINAL MASSES?
DDXs? |
Rem: " National Board Exam TIT"
N=neurogenic tumors B=bochdalek hernia E=extrapulmonary hematopoiesis T=tumor I=infxn T=trauma |
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HIGH DIAPHRAGM:
unilateral causes DDXs? |
Rem " TUDE "
T=thoracic conds ie atelectasis U=upper abdominal conds ie spleno- or hepato-megaly D=damaged phrenic n. E=eventration is born thin diaphragm bowel gas |
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HIGH DIAPHRAGM:
bilateral DDXs? |
rem "PAP HL"
P=poor inspiration A=ascites P=pregnancy H=hepatosplenomegaly L=large abdominal cyst/tumor |
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DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIAS:
DDXs? |
Rem: "His Butt Must Talk"
H=hiatal hernia B=bochdalek hernia M=morgagni hernia T=traumatic usu. left side |
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DX: BRONCHOGENIC CA:
what are the xray signs? |
Rem: "Avid Smokers Usually Expect Cancer Most Are Pathetic"
A=atelectasis S=segmental consolidation(masses) U=unilateral hilar enlargement E=emphysema(compensatory) C=cavitation M=mediastinal mass A=apical mass P=parenchymal mass |
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SOLITARY PULMONARY MASS:
DDXs? |
Rem "PM HAT"
P=primary malignant tumor M=metastatsis solitary H=hematoma A=abscess T=tumor B9 |
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CAVITATING SOLITARY PULMONARY NODULE:
DDXs? |
Rem:
" Primary neoplasm that's bacterially granulomatously infectous with Rhematoid Nodule & a bronchogenic congenital cyst" Neoplasm = Metastatic -Infectious = Bacterial or granulomatous like TB -Inflammatory = Rheumatoid nodule -Congenital = Bronchogenic cyst |
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METASTASIS TO LUNGS:
Hematogenous Mets has what pattern? |
- has multiple masses of varying sizes
- gives a nodular pattern w/areas of consolidation = "cannonball Mets" NOTE NOT BULLAE which is found in emphysema/COPD |
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METASTASIS TO LUNGS:
Lymphagenous Mets has what patterN? |
reticular pattern
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COPD:
What are the DDXs? |
Rem: "BACE"
B=bronchiectasis A=asthma C=chronic bronchitis E=emphysema |
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COPD:
what are the xrays signs? |
- too much air in lungs
- low flat diaphragms (seen lat too) - Increased AP diameter of chest - tear drop shaped heart - dark lungs - bullae |
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MALIGNANT PNEUMOCONIOSES:
includes? |
- silicosis
- asbestosis |
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MALIGNANT PNEUMOCONIOSES:
what are xray findings for silicosis? |
- reticularnodular/nodular pattern
- more seen in the upper lungs - loss of volume & fibrosis seen - hilar & lymph node enlargement w/ or w/o calcification |
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MALIGNANT PNEUMOCONIOSES:
what are the xray findings for asbestosis? |
- infiltrative pattern in LOWER lung fields
- pleural calcification esp along hemidiaphragms |
