Xjackie66

Front 1

Which bronchus is more vertical

Back 1

Right

Front 2

Respiratory tree covered by

Back 2

Psueodstritfied, tall, columnar, cilliated epithelial cells...vocal cords-stratified squamous epithelium

Front 3

Mediastinum in resorption and compression atelectasis

Back 3

Resorption-towards affected lung
Compression-away from affected lung

Front 4

Alveolar damage causes

Back 4

Waxy hyaline membranes

Front 5

Markers of endothelial damage

Back 5

Endothelin and Von willebrand factor

Front 6

Cause of ARDS

Back 6

Lung injury caused by an imbalance of pro inflammatory and anti inflammatory mediators, NF-kB shifts balance to proud flam and increase syn of IL8, neutrophils get trapped (IL1 and TNF)

Front 7

Type two cells gives rise to

Back 7

Type one and surfactant

Front 8

COPD=

Back 8

Emphysema plus chronic bronchitis

Front 9

Emphysema is at what level?

Back 9

Acinar

Front 10

Centre lobar emphysema

Back 10

Respiratory bronchioles are affected, distal alveoli spared, most common

Front 11

Panacinar emphysema

Back 11

Acini are uniformly enlarged, more common in lower lung zones and anterior margins of the lungs, associated with alpha1-anti trypsin

Front 12

Distal acinar or para septal emphysema

Back 12

Near fibrosis, scarring or atelectasis, can cause spontaneous pneumothorax

Front 13

Irregular emphysema

Back 13

Associated with scarring

Front 14

Emphysema proteases

Back 14

High protease activity with low anti protease activity

Front 15

Common source of proteases

Back 15

Neutrophils, attracted by TNF and IL8 coded from NF-kB

Front 16

Loss of elastic tissue in emphysema

Back 16

Causes respiratory bronchioles to collapse during expiration

Front 17

Chronic bronchitis

Back 17

Marked increase in goblet cells of small airways, swelling and deems, mucus gland hyperplasia, may turn to squamous metaplasia, cough with productive sputum, blue bloater, leads to COPD and cor pulmonale

Front 18

Reid index

Back 18

Measure of thickness of mucus layer to epithelial layer, normally .4

Front 19

Atopic asthma

Back 19

igE mediated hypersensitivity reaction to environmental allergen, strong TH2 rxn, IgE coats mast cells

Front 20

IL5

Back 20

Eosinophil recruitment

Front 21

Genes associated with asthma

Back 21

IL13, CD14(TT reduced levels of IgE), ADAM33, chitinases, beta receptor gene, and IL4 gene

Front 22

Histology of asthma

Back 22

Curshmann spirals and charcot leyden crystals

Front 23

Bronchi ecstasies

Back 23

Permanent dilation of bronchi and bronchioles cause by destruction of the muscle and elastic tissue due to chronic necrotizing infections, foul smelling bloody sputum, cough win the morning due to mucus and pus, dypsnea and cyanosis

Front 24

Karts genres

Back 24

Absence or shortening of the dynein arms for cillia and sperm

Front 25

Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia

Back 25

Polypoid plugs of loose organizing connective tissue (Masson bodies) in alveolar ducts, no honeycombing

Front 26

Coal workers pneumoconiosis

Back 26

Carbon dust is main culprit,, carbon laden macrophages, centrilobar emphysema, benign, does not increase susceptibility to tb

Front 27

Silicosis

Back 27

Silica, abundant lipoproteinaceous material in alveoli, activation and release of mediators especially TNF, hard collagenous scars, thin sheets of calcification over lymph nodes call eggshell, nodes have hyalinized collagen surrounded by condensed collagen, increase chance if tb
Crystal form-more fibrogenic than amorphous, quartz,

Front 28

Asbestos

Back 28

Crystalline hydrated silicates that form fibers, serpentine chrysotiles-most asbestos, amphiboles-most pathogenic due to solubility and aerodynamics, pulmonary fibrosis, asbestos bodies-fusiform iron proteinaceous containing material, ferruginous bodies-inorganic iron protein complexes, honeycomb, pleural plaques containing calcium, lung carcinomas and mesotheliomas (pleura), produce sputum

Front 29

Cytotoxic drugs, amiodarone, and radiation can cause

Back 29

Pneumonitis

Front 30

Pulmonary eosinophilia

Back 30

Infiltration if eosinophils from IL5, focal cellular consolidation, high fever,night sweats, corticosteroid therapy

Front 31

Desquamative interstitial pneumonia

Back 31

Cigarette smokers, smokers macrophages, fibrosis mild, emphysema often present, moderate reduction if diffusing capacity of CO2

Front 32

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

Back 32

Accumulation of acellular surfactant in intraalveolar and bronchiolar spaces, GMCSF, inadequate clearing of surfactant, asymmetric opacities in X-ray, congenital is fatal

Front 33

Saddle emboli

Back 33

Emboli at bifurcation

Front 34

Pulmonary emboli vs post Mortem clot

Back 34

Embolus has lines of zahn

Front 35

Familial Pulmonary hypertension mutation

Back 35

BMPR2 inhibits proliferation of vascular smooth muscle and favors apoptosis

Front 36

Good pastures

Back 36

Autoantibodies to collagen four, glomular nephritis and hemorrhagic pneumonitis, red brown consolidation,

Front 37

Wegener granulomatis

Back 37

Autoimmune disease of upper resp tract with hemoptysis, capillaritis and scattered poorly formed granulomas