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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Karyotypes are stopped in
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Metaphase
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Philadelphia chromosome
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Translocation between 9 and 22, chronic myelogenous leukemia, bcr fuses with abl to stimulate ras and cell proliferation
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Gland pattern cancer
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Adenocarcinoma
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Epithelial origin tumor
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Carcinoma
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Transformed cells have the ability to grow
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Unattached to supporting matrix
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Oncogene
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Gain of function
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Tumor suppressor gene
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Loss of function gene
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Burkett lymphoma
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Translocation between 8 and 14, over expression of cmyc
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Brac1
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Breast and ovarian cancer
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Brac2
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Breast and pancreatic cancer
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HER2
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Over expressed in breast cancer great with herceptin
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Ras
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Growth factor binds to ras, ras bound to GTP is active but it hydrolyzes itself to GDP, ras activates raf which activates mek which activate map which phosphorylates cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins to make myc and fos
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Myc and fos
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Protooncognes, from map (AP1 too produces fos and jun), cellular proliferation through the cell cycle
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What inhibits retinoblastoma gene rb
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E2f
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E2F
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Transcription factor for increased gene transcription and cell cycle progression
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Cki
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Inhibits progression through the cell cycle; cip/kip and INK4
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Two tumor suppressor genes
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Rb and p53
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Mutation in p53
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Li fraumeni syndrome, multiple tumors
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Gene that inhibits ras
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NF1
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Mutation in NF1
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Neurofibromatosis
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Hedgehog genes
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Patched inhibits smooth, hedge hog removes patches, cell proliferates
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Mutations in e cadherin
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Gastric cancer, contribute to the cancers ability to detach
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Catenin proteins
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Anchoring cadherin a to the cytoskeleton and act as transcription factors
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Mutations in APC
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Colon cancer
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What is exposed on the outer leaflet during apoptosis
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Phosphatidylserine
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Caspases
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Cysteine pro teases cleave next to aspartate; initiator caspases and execution caspases
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Death receptors are a subset of
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TNF1 receptors
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Caspases 8 and 10
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Imitator caspases
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Execution caspases
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3, 6, 7
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What cleaves bid
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Caspases 3
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Cytochrome c in cytoplasm
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Initiates apoptosis binds to apaf
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Antipoptosis
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Blc2, bclx,bcw
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Pro apoptosis channel forming
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Bax, bak, bok
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Proaptosis BH3
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Bad, bid, bid
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Mutated bcl2
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Oncogene over expressed, follicular lymphoma and CML
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Smoothed patched mutations
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Basal cell carcinoma
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Gleevec
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Blocks bcr abl function in cmv
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TNM
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T-stage, N-number of lymph nodes, M-metastasis
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