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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Creatine: subs, prod, enz
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R+G ->(orn out) ->->(SAM used) ->creatine
xamidase-> methyltransferase |
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Creatine: jobs and uses
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store high NRG (P)
excrete N in urine (90%urea, 10%NH4 and Creat.) measure of muscle mass and kidney prob |
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Glutathione: subs, prod, enz
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E+C->->+Glycine->glutathione
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Glutathione: jobs
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amino acid xport (except Pro)
reductant (H2O2) increased by: ^Met,Cys,GSH precursors decreased: glutamate analogs->vGSH->^sens. or tumor cells to irrad. |
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Nitric oxide: subs, interm., characteristics
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Arg and NADPH->(NO out) ->citrulline + NADP+
1.Diffuses across membrane 2.short 1/2 life 3. ^reactive |
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Nitric oxide: uses
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1.transient signal molecule
2.relaxes smooth muscle (vasodilator) 3.v platelet aggregation 4.Neuroxmitter 5.kills bacteria and cancer |
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Phys active amines: General reaction and jobs
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AA->Amines
Decarboxylation (PLP) Hydroxylation (BH4) neuroxmitters |
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Serotonin: subs, prod, 2 interm reactions
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Tryptophan->(BH4) ->->(PLP) ->Serotonin
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PLP
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decarboxylation
removes a CO2 |
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BH4
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hydroxylation
adds an -OH |
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Serotonin: jobs and clinical corr
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low serotonin: depression
Paxil, Prozac->inihibit reuptake of Serotonin->prolong action |
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Histamine: subs, prod, type of rxn
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Histidine->(PLP)->Histamine
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GABA: subs, rxn and prod
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Glutamate->(PLP)->GABA
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GABA: characteristics
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GABA and Glu have opposite effects
both come from Gln in astrocytes Gln->Glu (inhib & excit.) Glu->GABA (ONLY inhib) |
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GABA: clinical
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epileptics: low GABA (can't inhibit, only excite)
Treatment: Valproic acid (^GABA) |
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Catechol: clinical
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menstruation: Tyr given to v depression
Parkinson's: lack of dopamine Fight/Flite:Epi->energy mobil.->^Bpressure |
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Heme: PBG deaminase other name
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UroGen I synthase
bone marow isozyme different b/c of alternate xscrip/splicing |
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Heme: regulation
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ALAS-1(liver and other): - by Hemin
ALAS-2(marrow):lack or presence of iron |
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Heme: Deficiency in any enzyme
Liver vs. Marrow |
Liver:
any: accum of ALA (no hemin inhib) Urogen III co/synth: porph. AND ALA! Marrow: only def. in early step->^ALA late: porphyrins ONLY (not ALA) |
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Heme: ALA and porph accum
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ALA->neuropsych problems
porph->photosensitivity |
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Heme: Porph treatment
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inject hemin->lower ALA (in liver prob)
avoid sunlight eat beta carotene (free radical scavenger) |
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Heme synth: Reverse order of enzymes
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AS AD PD UC UD CO PO Fe
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Diff between -gen and -rin
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-gen: -C- (methylene)
-rin: -C= (methenyl) |
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Heme Defects: photosensitivity and not
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Photo: Lead, PCT, HC, CEP
Not: AIP |
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Heme defects: Neuropsych problems
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yes: lead, HC, AIP
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Heme defects: location
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Both: Lead, PCT
Liver: HC, AIP Marrow: CEP |
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CEP char.
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flourescent teeth
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Heme metab.: unconjugated=?
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bilirubin + albumin in blood
a complex! that goes to the liver |
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Heme Metab.: conjugated=?
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bilirubin + 2 units of glucoronic acid
->more soluble liver->bile |
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Heme metab.: what happens in intestine
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conj bilirubin->UNCONJ
->urobilinogen uro->sterco(feces) uro->(blood)->kidney->urobilin(urine) |
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bilirubin conj with ?
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glucoronic acid, in liver
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Heme cleavage: inputs and outputs
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inputs: O2 ande NADPH
outputs: NADP+ and H2O and Fe3+ |
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Jaundice: baby with high conj. bilirubin
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usually high UNCONJ b/c of glucxferase deficiency (liver not dev)
means impaired removal: bile duct problem, liver damage |
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Jaundice: causes
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increased production
decreased excretion |
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Jaundice: ^ production reasons
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^ hemolysis
^ bilirubin exceeds liver's capacity to conj ->unconj bilirubin |
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Jaundice: decreased excretion causes
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hepatocellular or intrahepatic jaundice
obstuctive or posthepatic jaundice |
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Jaundice: Hepatocellular causes
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liver damage
v bilirubin uptake and conj ^unconj bilirubin |
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why unconj bilirubin is bad
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excess of albumin capacity-> binds lipids and impairs membrane function esp. in nervous system
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Juandice: obstuctive or posthepatic causes
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bile duct obstruction
v bilirubin excretion (bile flow problem) ^ levels of unconj bilirubin |
