Xexam3 Opp9

Front 1

when addressing elbow, wrist, forearm or hand, you should always address:
1.
2.
3.

Back 1

1. thoracic outlet
2. shoulder
3. clavicle

Front 2

identify the labeled structures:

Back 2

(see figure)

Front 3

identify the labeled structures:

Back 3

(see figure)

Front 4

the axillary artery turns into ... artery that divides into ... and ... arteries

Back 4

brachial
radial
ulnar

Front 5

the ... artery turns into the brachial artery that then divides into radial and ulnar arteries

Back 5

axillary

Front 6

the ... artery feeds the deep palmar arch and the ... feeds the superficial palmar arch

Back 6

radial
ulnar

Front 7

the ... arch is feed by the radial artery and the ... arch is feed by the ulnar artery

Back 7

deep palmar
superficial palmar

Front 8

Posterior cord of the brachial plexus gives ... nerve
Medial and lateral cords give ... nerve
Medial cord gives ... nerve

Back 8

radial
median
ulnar

Front 9

identify the labeled structure

Back 9

(see figure)

Front 10

the elbow is 1 joint cavity with 2 distinct functions:
1.
2.

Back 10

1. Flexion/extension
2. Supination/pronation

Front 11

the 4 joints in the elbow cavity are:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Back 11

1. Ulnohumeral Joint
2. Radiohumeral Joint
3. Radioulnar Joint
4. Interosseous membrane

Front 12

what is the function of the radial collateral ligament:

Back 12

stabilize radius to humerus

Front 13

what is the function of the ulnar collateral ligament:

Back 13

stabilize ulna to humerus

Front 14

what is the function of the annular ligament of the radius:

Back 14

stabilize over head of radius

Front 15

what determines the carrying angle:

Back 15

angle of trochlea

Front 16

Any shift of (radius/ulna) will significantly impact elbow function

Back 16

ulna

Front 17

describe the carrying angle for a and b:

Back 17

a. Cubitus Valgus
Ulna ABduction
increased carrying angle

b. Cubitus Varus
Ulna ADduction
decreased carrying angle

Front 18

Head of radius rotates in the radioulnar joint allowing ... and ...

Radius will “radiate” around ulna during pronation

Back 18

pronation
supination

Front 19

Annular ligament important for stabilizing proximal ... joint and stabilizing radius on ...

Back 19

radioulnar
humerus

Front 20

Radial head moves ... in extension and ... with flexion of elbow

Back 20

anteriorly
posteriorly

Front 21

Radial head moves ... with pronation

Back 21

posteriorly

Front 22

Radial head moves ... with supination

Back 22

anteriorly

Front 23

when you fall on pronated arm, this is a mechanism for ... somatic dysfunction

Back 23

posterior radial head

Front 24

when you fall on supinated arm, this is a mechanism for ... somatic dysfunction

Back 24

anterior radial head

Front 25

what does this describe:

radial head slips under annular ligament

Back 25

Nursemaid’s Elbow

Front 26

how would you treat nursemaid's elbow:

Back 26

Hold in pronation with extension, then SUPINATE and FLEX forearm

Front 27

what is the function of the interosseous membrane:
1.
2.

Back 27

1. bind radius and ulna together
2. Gives stability to distal radius

Front 28

in the ... force is shifted from one bone to the other so that both bones are impacted

Back 28

Interosseous Membrane

Front 29

what kind of motion does the Interosseous Membrane have:

Back 29

parallelogram

Front 30

what is a Galeazzi fracture:

Back 30

Radial shaft fracture with associated dislocation of distal radioulnar joint (dislocation is at wrist)

Front 31

what is a Monteggia fracture:

Back 31

Ulnar fracture with dislocation of proximal radioulnar joint (dislocation is at elbow)

Front 32

what does the pneumonic MUGR stand for:

Back 32

Monteggia- fractured Ulna
Galeazzi-fractured Radius

Front 33

... nerve passes through pronator teres and it is composed of what spinal nerves:

Back 33

median
C5-T1

Front 34

Median Nerve Syndromes include:
1.
2.
3.

Back 34

1. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
2. Pronator Syndrome
3. Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy

Front 35

what are the symptoms of Pronator Syndrome:

Back 35

Pain on volar surface of forearm after prolonged pronation

Front 36

what are the symptoms of Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy

Back 36

Weakness of index finger flexion

Front 37

what are the symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome:

Back 37

pain in hand especially the thumb and the index and middle fingers

Front 38

the radial nerve is a continuation of ... of brachial plexus and innervates triceps then travels along spiral groove of humerus to innervate the ... of hand and give sensation to ...

Back 38

posterior chord
extensors
dorsal surface of hand

Front 39

Radial nerve dives into ... muscle through fascia before supplying ... extensors. compression is common at ... edge of supinator muscle. Posterior interosseous nerve, a branch of the ..., enters extensor compartment

Back 39

supinator
wrist/finger
proximal
radial nerve

Front 40

a humerus fracture can injure the ... nerve

Back 40

radial

Front 41

identify the labeled structures:

Back 41

(see figure)

Front 42

the ulnar nerve comes from what spinal nerves

Back 42

C8-T1

Front 43

what does the following describe:

Numbness and pain to medial hand
May progress to claw hand

Back 43

Cubital Tunnel Syndrome

Front 44

what are the causes of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome:
1.
2.
3.

Back 44

1. Frequent bending of elbow
2. Constant direct pressure on elbow
3. Direct blow to cubital tunnel
Compression by mm spasm

Front 45

what type of epicondylitis is depicted in each figure?

1. medial epicondylitis is also known as ...

2. lateral epicondylitis is also known as ...

Back 45

(see figure)
1. golfer's elbow
2. tennis elbow

Front 46

what does this describe:

Inflammation of bursa overlying olecranon process
Caused by cumulative trauma, or isolated contusion
May be nontender chronic edema

Back 46

Olecranon Bursitis

Front 47

identify the labeled joint:

Back 47

(see figure)

Front 48

identify the type of movement (what kind of flexion and whether it is abduction or adduction)
and how many degrees of movement is there:

Back 48

(see figure)

Front 49

how many degrees of wrist flexion and wrist extension is typical:
flexion =
extension =

Back 49

85
45

Front 50

decreased carrying angle will limit wrist (AB/AD)-duction

Back 50

AD-duction

Front 51

hand pain can come from:
Arthritis, ganglion cysts, trigger finger, tenosynovitis, carpal tunnel sd, contractures of fascia, mallet finger

the treatment is to address ... and ... integrity, ... alignment

Back 51

bony
ligamentous
fascial

Front 52

Increased carrying angle (AB-ducted ulna) will limit wrist (AB/AD)-duction

Back 52

AB-duction

Front 53

when treating hand pain, you should also consider:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Back 53

1. neck
2. shoulder
3. elbow
4. wrist