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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are the 2 principal subdivisions of the vascular system:
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1. the blood-vascular system
2. the lymphatic-vascular system |
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what does the lymphatic vascular do:
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collects excess tissue fluids (lymph) and returns it to the venous system
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the typical blood vessel is composed of 3 what:
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tunics
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what are the 3 tunics of a blood vessel:
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Tunica intima
Tunica media Tunica Adventitia |
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the tunica intima is composed up of what tissues:
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endothelium
subendothelium internal elastic membrane |
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the tunica media is composed of what tissue layers: (x2)
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smooth muscle
elastic/collagenous fibers |
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the tunica adventitia is composed of what tissue layers:
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external elastic layer
connective tissue |
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identify the labeled structures:
1. what is C composed of: 2. what is D composed of: 3. what is A+B: 4. what kind of vessel is this: |
1. smooth muscle and elastic fibers
2. and elastic layer on top and connective tissue 3. tunica intima 4. larger elastic artery |
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what is an example of a large elastic artery:
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aorta
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what is morphologically significant about the large elastic artery: (tunica media, adventitia)
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tunica media is large - up to 60 elastic spiraling fenestrated laminae
tunica adventitia is thin |
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what is histologically significant about the medium artery: (x3)
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tunica media is smaller than the larger - 25-40 smooth layers
tunica adventitia is relatively thicker than in large arteries can visualize external elastic membrane |
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identify the labeled structures:
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(see figure)
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what is the structure of the arteriole: (x3)
(think tissues, #'s of layers) |
1. endothelium + internal elastic membrane = tunica intima
2. tunica media with 1 or 2 layers of smooth muscle 3. tunica adventitia |
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what is the structure of the venule: (x3)
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1. endothelium
2. tunica medium 3. tunica adventitia |
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identify the labeled structures:
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(see figure)
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identify the labeled structures:
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(see figure)
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identify the labeled structures:
what is this an electron micrograph of: |
(see figure)
arteriole |
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what are the 3 types of capillaries:
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fenestrated
sinusoid continuous |
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where do you find continuous capillaries:
what is the common feature of these capillaries: |
muscle
tight junctions |
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where do you find fenestrated capillaries:
what are the size of the fenestrations in these capillaries: |
intestinal villi
60-80 nm |
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where do you find sinusoid capillaries:
what is the common feature of these capillaries: |
liver
large diameter |
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what kind of capillary is in this slide:
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continuous
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what is this an image of:
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continuous capillary
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what is this an image of:
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continuous capillary
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what is this an image of:
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fenestrated capillary
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what kind of capillary is this:
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fenestrated
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identify the labeled structures:
1. where do you find diapedesis: 2. where do you find #4 3. where do you find #3 4. what do you call the system in #4: |
(see figure)
1. postcapillary venule 2. liver 3. kidneys 4. portal venous system |
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which type of artery has a tunica media with smooth muscle, collagen fibers and relatively little elastic tissue:
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muscular artery
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which type of artery has a tunica media with smooth muscle and elastic lamellae:
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elastic artery
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what is the size of elastic arteries:
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>1 cm
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what is the size of muscular arteries:
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1-10 mm
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describe the following in venules:
tunica intima: tunica media: tunica adventitia: |
tunica intima: subendothelium absent
tunica media: 1-3 layers tunica adventitia: relatively thick |
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identify the labeled structures:
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(see figure)
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what is the size of small/medium veins:
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1-9 mm
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what is significant about the tunica intima in medium and large veins:
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has internal elastic membrane
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what is significant about the tunica media in veins: (how many layers and where is it best developed)
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3 layers; best developed in lower body
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what is significant about the tunica adventitia in veins:
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relatively thick; some smooth muscle
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identify the labeled structures:
what type of vessel is this: |
(see figure)
small/medium vein |
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what is significant about the following in large veins:
tunica intima: tunica media: tunica adventitia: |
tunica intima: subendothelium is thicker than smaller veins
tunica media: smooth muscle is reduced tunica adventitia: thick bundles of smooth muscle |
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what is an example of a large vein:
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superior vena cava
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in the large vein, which way do the smooth muscles of the tunica adventitia run:
the tunica media: |
tunica adventitia: direction of long axis of the tube
tunica media: spirals around tube |
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identify the labeled structures:
what type of vessel is this: |
(see figure)
large vein |
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how do veins compare to arteries: (x5)
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1. larger lumen
2. thinner walls 3. internal elastic membrane in medium/large veins 4. no external elastic membrane 5. boundary layers are often indistinct |
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what is the function of valves in vessels:
where are they most important (what part of the body) |
allows flow in 1 direction
lower extremities |
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identify the labeled structures:
what is this an image of: |
(see figure)
large vein with valve |
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what is the vasa vasorum:
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vascular system that supplies vessels over 1 mm
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identify the labeled structures:
what is this an image of: |
(see figure)
neurovascular bundle |
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what are the layers of the heart going from outside in ending with the ventricular cavity: (x6)
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1. fibrous pericardium
2. pericardial sac 3. epicardium 4. myocardium 5. endocardium 6. ventricular cavity |
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what are the layers of the endocardium starting with the innermost layer: (x5)
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endothelium
subendothelium (connective tissue + smooth muscle) inner layer blood vessel outer layer |
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what layer of cardiac tissue is continuous through the entire system:
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endothelium
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identify the labeled structures:
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(see figure)
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what is the innermost layer of myocardium in:
atria: ventricles: |
pectinate
papillary muscles |
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what is this a picture of:
what are the arrows pointing to: what is their function: |
cardiac muscle
intercalated discs couple the cells electrically and coordinate the contraction |
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what forms the visceral layer of the pericardium:
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subepicardium + mesothelium of epicardium
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the deepest part of the epicardium is covered by a what:
what is the tissue below this: |
mesothelium
subepicardium |
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what blood vessels do you find in the epicardium of the heart:
what nerves would you find in here: |
coronary arteries
autonomic nervous system nerves |
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what is this an image of:
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epicardium
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compare the tunics of blood vessels with the layers of the heart:
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t. intima = "endocardium"
t. media = "myocardium" t. adventitia = "epicardium" |
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what are the 4 rings of the cardiac skeleton:
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mitral ring
tricuspid ring aortic root pulmonary root |
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identify the labeled structure:
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(see figure)
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what is the term that refers
to all four rings of the cardiac skeleton: |
annulus fibrosus
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what is the function of the cardiac skeleton: (x2)
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support
electrical barrier |
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what are cardiac valves (folds of what):
what are the types of valves: (x3) |
folds of endocardium
bicuspid, tricuspid and semilunar |
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what structure attaches to cardiac valves:
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chordae tendinae
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where is the SA node located:
(layer and location) |
epicardium, near junction of SVC and right atrium
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what do follower cells do:
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connect pacemaker cells with myocardium of atria
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what connects the SA node with the AV node:
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myocardium
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what type of cells are in the SA node:
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pacemaker cells
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where is the AV node located:
what layer is it in: |
septal wall
subendocardial layer of endocardium |
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why is the AV node located in the endocardium of the septal wall while the SA node is located in the epicardium:
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the fibers of the AV node must go deep into the heart
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the bundle of His is composed of what kind of cells:
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Purkinje
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identify the labeled structure:
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(see figure)
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what is this an image of:
what is significant about these cells: |
purkinje fibers
many have 2 nuclei |
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identify the cell in the very center:
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purkinje fiber
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what is significant about lymphatic capillaries:
(how are they not like veins/arteries) what are lymphatic capillaries called |
they are blind sacs
lacteal |
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what is significant about the tunica layers in lymphatic vessels as compared to veins:
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all three layers are thinner than veins
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what is the thickest layer of tunica in lymphatic vessels:
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tunica adventitia
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what is this an image of:
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lymphatic vessel
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identify the labeled structures:
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(see figure)
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what is this an image of:
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throracic duct
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