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80 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
what are the 2 principal subdivisions of the vascular system:
1. the blood-vascular system
2. the lymphatic-vascular system
what does the lymphatic vascular do:
collects excess tissue fluids (lymph) and returns it to the venous system
the typical blood vessel is composed of 3 what:
tunics
what are the 3 tunics of a blood vessel:
Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica Adventitia
the tunica intima is composed up of what tissues:
endothelium
subendothelium
internal elastic membrane
the tunica media is composed of what tissue layers: (x2)
smooth muscle
elastic/collagenous fibers
the tunica adventitia is composed of what tissue layers:
external elastic layer
connective tissue
identify the labeled structures:
1. what is C composed of:
2. what is D composed of:
3. what is A+B:
4. what kind of vessel is this:
1. smooth muscle and elastic fibers
2. and elastic layer on top and connective tissue
3. tunica intima
4. larger elastic artery
what is an example of a large elastic artery:
aorta
what is morphologically significant about the large elastic artery: (tunica media, adventitia)
tunica media is large - up to 60 elastic spiraling fenestrated laminae

tunica adventitia is thin
what is histologically significant about the medium artery: (x3)
tunica media is smaller than the larger - 25-40 smooth layers

tunica adventitia is relatively thicker than in large arteries

can visualize external elastic membrane
identify the labeled structures:
(see figure)
what is the structure of the arteriole: (x3)
(think tissues, #'s of layers)
1. endothelium + internal elastic membrane = tunica intima
2. tunica media with 1 or 2 layers of smooth muscle
3. tunica adventitia
what is the structure of the venule: (x3)
1. endothelium
2. tunica medium
3. tunica adventitia
identify the labeled structures:
(see figure)
identify the labeled structures:
(see figure)
identify the labeled structures:
what is this an electron micrograph of:
(see figure)
arteriole
what are the 3 types of capillaries:
fenestrated
sinusoid
continuous
where do you find continuous capillaries:

what is the common feature of these capillaries:
muscle
tight junctions
where do you find fenestrated capillaries:

what are the size of the fenestrations in these capillaries:
intestinal villi
60-80 nm
where do you find sinusoid capillaries:

what is the common feature of these capillaries:
liver
large diameter
what kind of capillary is in this slide:
continuous
what is this an image of:
continuous capillary
what is this an image of:
continuous capillary
what is this an image of:
fenestrated capillary
what kind of capillary is this:
fenestrated
identify the labeled structures:
1. where do you find diapedesis:
2. where do you find #4
3. where do you find #3
4. what do you call the system in #4:
(see figure)
1. postcapillary venule
2. liver
3. kidneys
4. portal venous system
which type of artery has a tunica media with smooth muscle, collagen fibers and relatively little elastic tissue:
muscular artery
which type of artery has a tunica media with smooth muscle and elastic lamellae:
elastic artery
what is the size of elastic arteries:
>1 cm
what is the size of muscular arteries:
1-10 mm
describe the following in venules:
tunica intima:
tunica media:
tunica adventitia:
tunica intima: subendothelium absent
tunica media: 1-3 layers
tunica adventitia: relatively thick
identify the labeled structures:
(see figure)
what is the size of small/medium veins:
1-9 mm
what is significant about the tunica intima in medium and large veins:
has internal elastic membrane
what is significant about the tunica media in veins: (how many layers and where is it best developed)
3 layers; best developed in lower body
what is significant about the tunica adventitia in veins:
relatively thick; some smooth muscle
identify the labeled structures:
what type of vessel is this:
(see figure)
small/medium vein
what is significant about the following in large veins:

tunica intima:
tunica media:
tunica adventitia:
tunica intima: subendothelium is thicker than smaller veins
tunica media: smooth muscle is reduced
tunica adventitia: thick bundles of smooth muscle
what is an example of a large vein:
superior vena cava
in the large vein, which way do the smooth muscles of the tunica adventitia run:
the tunica media:
tunica adventitia: direction of long axis of the tube
tunica media: spirals around tube
identify the labeled structures:
what type of vessel is this:
(see figure)
large vein
how do veins compare to arteries: (x5)
1. larger lumen
2. thinner walls
3. internal elastic membrane in medium/large veins
4. no external elastic membrane
5. boundary layers are often indistinct
what is the function of valves in vessels:

where are they most important (what part of the body)
allows flow in 1 direction

lower extremities
identify the labeled structures:
what is this an image of:
(see figure)
large vein with valve
what is the vasa vasorum:
vascular system that supplies vessels over 1 mm
identify the labeled structures:
what is this an image of:
(see figure)
neurovascular bundle
what are the layers of the heart going from outside in ending with the ventricular cavity: (x6)
1. fibrous pericardium
2. pericardial sac
3. epicardium
4. myocardium
5. endocardium
6. ventricular cavity
what are the layers of the endocardium starting with the innermost layer: (x5)
endothelium
subendothelium (connective tissue + smooth muscle)
inner layer
blood vessel
outer layer
what layer of cardiac tissue is continuous through the entire system:
endothelium
identify the labeled structures:
(see figure)
what is the innermost layer of myocardium in:
atria:
ventricles:
pectinate
papillary muscles
what is this a picture of:
what are the arrows pointing to:
what is their function:
cardiac muscle
intercalated discs
couple the cells electrically and coordinate the contraction
what forms the visceral layer of the pericardium:
subepicardium + mesothelium of epicardium
the deepest part of the epicardium is covered by a what:

what is the tissue below this:
mesothelium

subepicardium
what blood vessels do you find in the epicardium of the heart:

what nerves would you find in here:
coronary arteries

autonomic nervous system nerves
what is this an image of:
epicardium
compare the tunics of blood vessels with the layers of the heart:
t. intima = "endocardium"
t. media = "myocardium"
t. adventitia = "epicardium"
what are the 4 rings of the cardiac skeleton:
mitral ring
tricuspid ring
aortic root
pulmonary root
identify the labeled structure:
(see figure)
what is the term that refers
to all four rings of the cardiac skeleton:
annulus fibrosus
what is the function of the cardiac skeleton: (x2)
support
electrical barrier
what are cardiac valves (folds of what):

what are the types of valves: (x3)
folds of endocardium

bicuspid, tricuspid and semilunar
what structure attaches to cardiac valves:
chordae tendinae
where is the SA node located:
(layer and location)
epicardium, near junction of SVC and right atrium
what do follower cells do:
connect pacemaker cells with myocardium of atria
what connects the SA node with the AV node:
myocardium
what type of cells are in the SA node:
pacemaker cells
where is the AV node located:

what layer is it in:
septal wall

subendocardial layer of endocardium
why is the AV node located in the endocardium of the septal wall while the SA node is located in the epicardium:
the fibers of the AV node must go deep into the heart
the bundle of His is composed of what kind of cells:
Purkinje
identify the labeled structure:
(see figure)
what is this an image of:
what is significant about these cells:
purkinje fibers
many have 2 nuclei
identify the cell in the very center:
purkinje fiber
what is significant about lymphatic capillaries:
(how are they not like veins/arteries)

what are lymphatic capillaries called
they are blind sacs

lacteal
what is significant about the tunica layers in lymphatic vessels as compared to veins:
all three layers are thinner than veins
what is the thickest layer of tunica in lymphatic vessels:
tunica adventitia
what is this an image of:
lymphatic vessel
identify the labeled structures:
(see figure)
what is this an image of:
throracic duct