X Mfm Exam2 Dcom Cell Membrane Structure

Front 1

the cell membrane is also called the ... or ...

Back 1

plasma membrane
plasmalemma

Front 2

the cell membrane is composed of a ... bilayer and ...

Back 2

phospholipid
proteins

Front 3

the cytoplasmic side is the ...

Back 3

interior

Front 4

the extracellular environment of the cell is the ...

Back 4

outside

Front 5

what are 2 functions of the cell membrane:
1.
2.

Back 5

1. communication with the extracellular environment and other cells
2. selectively controls entry and exit of ions and other substances into/out of cell.

Front 6

plasma membrane is ... nm thick and only visible by ...

Back 6

8-10
transmission electron microscopy

Front 7

amphipathic phospholipids have a ... portion and a ... portion

Back 7

hydrophobic
hydrophilic

Front 8

... membrane proteins transverse the membrane while ... membranes are only attached to the membrane

Back 8

integral
peripheral

Front 9

membrane surface also contains a variety of carbohydrate moieties
such as ... and ...

Back 9

glycoproteins
glycolipids

Front 10

glycolipids and glycoproteins function:
1.
2.
3.

Back 10

1. Cell-to-cell recognition
2. Receptor function
3. Repel other cells (RBCs)

Front 11

what happens when you remove the sugar groups for cell surfaces?

Back 11

sometimes the cells don’t function properly

Front 12

Cell coat or ... is a sticky coat made up of ... groups

Back 12

glycocalyx
carbohydrate

Front 13

carbohydrate components are exclusively located on the ... surfaces of cell membranes

Back 13

extracellular

Front 14

the cell membrane is said to be ... because integral membrane proteins can move laterally within the plane of the lipid bilayer.

Back 14

fluid

Front 15

lateral movement of membrane proteins may be important in the mediation of ...

Back 15

hormone response

Front 16

Movement of these proteins are restricted by their interaction with cytoskeletal proteins located in the cells cytoplasm or with other proteins located in the extracellular matrix or adjacent cells (e.g., junctions). briefly describe this mechanism:

Back 16

proteins can only go so far up in the membrane before they are stopped by the tight junction

Front 17

... allow cells to respond to specific chemical signals

Back 17

cell receptors

Front 18

cell receptors are (integral/peripheral) membrane proteins that convey their signal to various ...

Back 18

integral
internal messengers

Front 19

water molecules like to form complex cage-like structures known as ...

Back 19

clathrates

Front 20

the 4 major membrane phospholipids are:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Back 20

phosphatidylcholine (PC)
phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)
phosphatidylserine (PS)
spingomyelin (SM)

Front 21

why do membrane phospholipids usually contain C16 saturated fatty acids?

Back 21

longer saturated fatty acids would be solids at physiologic temperatures

Front 22

membrane phospholipids also contain longer-chain (>c16) ... fatty acids

Back 22

unsaturated

Front 23

3 common saturated fatty acids found within membrane phospholipids are:
1.
2.
3.

Back 23

Myristate (C14)
Palmitate (C16)
Stearate (C18)

Front 24

5 common unsaturated fatty acids found within membrane phospholipids are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Back 24

Palmitoleate (C16:1)
Oleate (C18:1)
Linoleate (C18:2)
Linolenate (C18:3)
Arachidonate (C20:4)

Front 25

what are the 2 other major type of membrane lipids besides phospholipids:
1.
2.

Back 25

cholesterol
glycolipids

Front 26

cholesterol makes up makes up as much as ... of the plasma membrane

Back 26

1/2

Front 27

a. polar
b. nonpolar
cholesterol

Back 27

identify which part of this molecule is polar and which is non polar and what is this molecule?

Front 28

what is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?
1.
2.

Back 28

control membrane fluidity
provides a more solid bed for membrane proteins to stick to at the cell surface

Front 29

lipid rafts are ...

Back 29

regions that are highly enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipid

Front 30

invaginated lipid rafts domains are called ...

Back 30

caveolae

Front 31

the cell membrane is said to be ... because (1,2,3) are mostly found on the outer leaflet of the membrane and ... charged phospholipid head groups (PE, PS, PI) are more abundant on inner leaflet of the membrane

Back 31

asymmetrical
Glycolipids, PC, sphingomyelin
negatively

Front 32

membranes may differ in two regards:
1.
2.

Back 32

from different cell types
different organelles within the same cell

Front 33

the following describes what:
biological membranes can be considered as a two-dimensional liquid where all lipid and protein molecules diffuse more or less freely into their respective positions within the membrane

Back 33

fluid mosaic model

Front 34

Ion channels, pumps, G protein-coupled receptors are examples of what type of membrane protein?

Back 34

integral

Front 35

G proteins, enzymes, receptors are examples of what type of membrane proteins?

Back 35

peripheral

Front 36

... membrane proteins require a detergent (such as SDS or Triton X-100) or some other nonpolar solvent to be displaced.

Back 36

integral

Front 37

... is most common structural motif found in integral proteins

Back 37

alpha-helix

Front 38

... motif is found in some prokaryotic membranes (called porins)

Back 38

ß-barrel

Front 39

integral membrane proteins must be must be ... having hydrophobic amino acid R-groups contact the membrane, while more polar R-groups are found at the intra- and extracytoplasmic ends

Back 39

amphipathic

Front 40

several transmembrane ... can collectively form a channel in the membrane that allows for movement of ... or ... substances across the nonpolar membrane

Back 40

alpha-helices
ionic
polar