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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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phospholipids are major components of:
a. b. c. d. |
cell membranes
lipoproteins bile lung surfactant |
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phospholipids serve as precursors to ...
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eicosanoids
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... serves as backbone to which fatty acids and other constituents attach
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glycerol
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initial steps of phospholipid synthesis are similar to synthesis of triglycerides
... reacts with ... to form ... |
glycerol 3-phosphate
fatty acyl CoA phosphatidic acid |
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how many mechanisms are there to add the head group to carbon 3 of glycerol?
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2
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In the first mechanism used to add a head group ... is cleaved by a phosphatase to form ... that then reacts with an activated head group of either choline, ethanolamine, or serine
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phosphatidic acid
diacylglycerol (DAG) |
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In the second mechanism used to add a head group ... reacts with ... to form CDP-diacylglycerol.
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phosphatidic acid
CTP (cytidine 5’-triphosphate |
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phosphotidylcholine is also known as ...
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lecithin
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lecithin is needed by every cell in the body and is a key building block of cell membranes important component of the ... in the large intestines
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mucus layer
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Patients suffering from ulcerative colitis have a disturbed mucosal barrier and the mucus layers in their large intestines exhibit lower levels of ... than that of healthy people.
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phosphatidylcholine
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what are the names of the 2 enzymes that arrange phospholipids in membranes?
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scramblase and flippase
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... components of cell membranes major constituent of myelin sheaths intercellular communication, antigenic determinants (ABO blood type), and viral and bacterial receptors
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sphingolipids
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synthesis of sphingolipids begins with formation of ... from ... and ...
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ceramide
serine palmityl CoA |
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sphingomyelin is very important where?
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in the nervous system
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levels of ... and ... in amniotic fluid used to assess fetal lung development
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lecithin (phosphatidylcholine)
spingomyelin |
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... is the major lipid in lung surfactant
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lecithin
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levels of lecithin increase dramatically at ... weeks gestation as the fetal lungs reach maturity and begin producing sufficient amounts of surfactant
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35
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infants born prior to 35 weeks gestation may suffer from ...
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RDS (respiratory distress syndrome)
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the synthesis of cholesterol occurs primarily in the:
a. b. c. d. |
liver
adrenal glands ovaries testes |
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Approximately ... of the body’s cholesterol is synthesized de novo from acetyl CoA (which means only 20% comes directly from the diet).
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80%
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in the synthesis of cholesterol all ... carbons are contributed by acetyl CoA
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27
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in the synthesis of cholesterol there are how many stages?
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4
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cholesterol synthesis requires significant reducing power from ...
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NADPH
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stage 1 in the synthesis of cholesterol involves the synthesis of ... from ...
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mevalonate
acetyl CoA |
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which of the 4 steps in cholesterol synthesis is the rate limiting step and the point of regulation?
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step 1
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stage 2 in cholesterol synthesis involves the conversion of ... to 2 ...
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mevalonate
activated isoprenes |
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stage 3 in cholesterol synthesis is the ... of six activated 5-carbon ... to form the 30-carbon ...
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condensation
isoprenes squalene |
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stage 3 in cholesterol synthesis is the conversion of ... to the 4-ringed ...
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squalene
steroid nucleus |
