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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the extrinsic muscles of the back? |
Trapezius |
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What is the innervation for the Trapezius Muscle? |
Cranial Nerve XI
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What is the innervation for the Latissimus Dorsi muscle? |
Thoracodorsal Nerve |
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What is the innervation for the Levator Scapulae muscle?
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anterior rami of C3, C4, C5 |
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What is the innervation for the Rhomboid muscles?
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Dorsal Scapular nerve (C5) |
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What is the innervation for the Serratus posterior muscle group? |
Anterior Rami |
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What is the innervation for the Splenius muscle group |
Anterior Rami |
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What is the origin of the Splenius Cervicis? |
spinous process of T3-T6 |
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What is the origin of the Splenius Capitis? |
nuchal Ligament |
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What is the origin of the Serratus posterior superior muscle? |
nuchal ligament and spinous process of C7-T3 vertebrae |
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What is the origin of the Rhomboid Minor muscle? |
nuchal ligaments
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What is the insertion of the Levator Scapulae? |
superior angle of the scapula |
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What is the origin of the Latissimus Dorsi? |
iliac crest |
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What is the origin of the trapezius? |
spinous process of the cervical & thoracic vertebrae |
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What is the insertion of the Trapezius muscle?
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spine & acromion of the scapula
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What is the insertion of the Latissimus Dorsi? |
medial humerus |
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What is the origin of the Levator Scapulae? |
transverse process of C1-C4 |
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What is the insertion of the Rhomboid Minor minor? |
Medial border of the scapula, superior to the rhomboid major muscle |
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What is the insertion of the Serratus posterior superior? |
superior borders of the 2-4th ribs |
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What is the insertion of the Splenius Capitis?
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mastoid process of temporal bone & the occipital bone |
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What is the insertion of the Splenius Cervicis? |
Transverse processes of C1-C3 |
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What is the action of the Splenius Cervicis muscle?
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Bilateral: Extend head & neck |
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What is the action of the Splenius Capitis muscle?
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extend & rotate, laterally flex the head |
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What is the action of the Serratus posterior superior muscle?
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elevates ribs |
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What is the action of the Serratus posterior inferior muscle? |
depresses the lower ribs |
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What is the action of the Rhomboid muscle group? |
retracts & rotates scapula |
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What is the action of the Levator Scapulae? |
elevates the scapula |
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What is the action of the Latissimus dorsi?
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adducts, extends, internally rotates the arm
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What is the action of the trapezius?
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rotation, retraction, elevation, depression of the scapula
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What are the erector spinae muscles?
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Spinalis
Longissimus Iliocostalis |
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What is the innervation of the errector spinalis muscle group?
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posterior rami |
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What is the action for this group? |
Unilateral: flex head & neck to same side
Bilateral: extend the vertebral column |
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What are the intrinsic muscles of the back?
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Semispinalis Capitis
Semispinalis Cervicis Rotatores Multifidus Lumborum |
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What is the innervation for the intrinsic muscles of the back?
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Posterior Rami
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What is the action of the Sempispinalis Capitis? |
extends the head |
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What is the action for the Semispinalis Cervicis?
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unilateral flexes cervical vertebrae |
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What is the action for the Rotatores?
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Unilateral: rotation of superior vertebrae to the opposite side |
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What is the action for the multifidus lumborum?
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extension of the lumbar vertebral column |
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What is the name for C1
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atlas
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What is the name for C2
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Axis
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What is the location used to measure pelvic diameter
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sacral promontory
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This opening permits the passage of the terminal end of the spinal cord
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sacral hiatus
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the embryologic origin of the vertebral structure
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somite > schlerotome > vertebrae
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C1-C6 have this, C7 does not
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bifid spinous process |
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The lumbar triangle is formed by: |
thoracolumbar fascia |
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Places for Rib attachment on the vertebra
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demifacet (inferior, superior)
transverse costal facets |
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These vertebrae usually do not have transverse costal facets
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T10-T12 |
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These vertebrae usually do not have inferior demifacets
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T9-T12
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These extend off the vertebral body, cradling the next superior vertebrae
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uncinate processes
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Name the joint formed by the uncinate processes |
uncovertebral joint
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The outer, lateral boundary of the transverse foramen |
costotransverse bar |
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The vertebral attachment point for the transversospinalis muscles |
Mammillary processes |
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Fusing of the L5-S1 is called
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sacralization
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Presence of a joint at S1-S2
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lumbarization
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Parts of the vertebral Arch
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lamina
pedicle |
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Names for bony prominences
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process
trochanter tuberosity protuberance tubercle spine |
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Name for a broad expanse of bone
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Ramus
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Name for depressions
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Fossae
Foveae |
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Names for Cavities
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Sinus
Cell Antrum |
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Names for Holes
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Foramen
Canal Hiatus Fissure Aqueduct |
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Names for Articular surfaces
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Head
Neck Condyle Epicondyle |
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The parts of vertebrae
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Vertebral body
Vertebral Arch Articular processes Transverse processes Spinous process |
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Primary curvatures
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thoracic kyphosis
sacral kyphosis |
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Secondary curvatures
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lumbar lordosis
cervical lordosis |
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Parts of the intervertebral disc
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Anulus fibrosus
nucleus pulposus |
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what are all of the holes or canals in the sacra
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Anterior Sacral Foramina
Posterior Sacral Foramina Sacral Canal Sacral Hiatus |
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The most caudal part of the sacral crest that articulates with the coccygeal
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Sacral Cornua
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List the Sacral Articulating surfaces
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auricular surface
superior articular processes sacral promontory |
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List the structural marks on the sacra (not holes or articulating surfaces) |
Ala (wings) |
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The Splenius Capitis is superior to this muscle (landmark) |
Levator Scapulae |
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The Splenius Cervicis is deep to this muscle (landmark)
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Levator Scapulae
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The most medial of the Erector Spinalis group?
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Spinalis
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The most lateral of the Erector Spinalis group?
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Iliocostalis
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Perception of Stimuli relating to position, posture, equilibrium, or internal condition
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proprioception
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This muscle lies just deep to the rhomboid major muscle
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Serratus posterior superior muscle
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This muscle lies just deep to the Latissimus dorsi muscle
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Serratus posterior inferior muscle
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This deep back muscle is most visible in the thoracic region (landmark)
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Rotatores
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This deep back muscle is most visible in the lumbar region (landmark)
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Multifidus Lumborum
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Which vertebra do not have an IV disc between them
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C1-C2
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The intervertebral foramen transmits the?
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spinal nerves
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Costal facets are present on which vertebra?
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T1-T12
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The Sacrum articulates with what structure?
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L5 inferior articular facets
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What do the anterior & posterior sacral foramina transmit?
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Posterior & Anterior Rami of the sacral spinal nerves |
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What type of vertebra is particularly susceptible to compression fracture? |
Lumbar anterior body - compression |
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What is the insertion of the Serratus posterior inferior muscle? |
Upper border of the 2-5th ribs |
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What is the origin of the Serratus posterior inferior muscle? |
Vertebra T11-L2 |
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Describe the Ligamenta Flava |
the ligamenta flava are ligaments of the spine that connect the laminae of adjacent vertebrae from the Axis to the sacrum. |
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Describe the supraspinous ligament |
the supraspinous ligament is the ligament that connects the tips of the spinous processes from C7 to the sacrum.
[note: The nuchal ligament connects from the median nuchal line to C7] |
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Describe the posterior longitudinal ligament |
The posterior longitudinal ligament is situated within the vertebral canal and extends along the posterior surfaces of the bodies of the vertebrae from Axis to the sacrum |
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Describe the two parts to the Intervertebral disc |
Anulus Fibrosus (outer)
Nucleus Pulposus (inner) |
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Describe the Denticulate Ligament |
The denticulate ligaments connect the pia mater to the arachnoid and dura mater. |
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Describe the filum terminale
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This is an extension of the pia mater that extends to and attaches to the coccyx
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Describe the three layers that surround the spinal cord |
Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, and Pia Mater |
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Describe the internal vertebral venous plexus |
plexus of unvalved veins embedded in the fat of the epidural space in the vertebral canal |
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Describe the ligamenta flava |
These ligaments connect the laminae of adjacent vertebrae from Axis to S1.
Flavum is latin for Yellow. A.k.a. Yellow ligament |
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What is the origin of the Rhomboid Major muscle? |
Spinous process of T2-T5 |
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What is the insertion of the Rhomboid Major muscle? |
Medial border of the scapula, inferior to the rhomboid minor muscle |
