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178 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two types of air reconnaissance?
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Strategic Recon
Tactical Recon |
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What is the only MAGTF asset that performs air reconnaissance as its primary mission?
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The Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS)
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Which USMC aircraft are assigned the mission of visual reconnaissance?
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All USMC aircraft are assigned a secondary mission of visual reconnaissance
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What can effective integration and utilization of the UAS capability do for the MAGTF?
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Minimize risk to both aircrew and ground personnel
Provide real-time battlespace information to HHQ Enhance the decision-making process |
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What are some disadvantages/limitations of the ATARS?
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Reliability of SAR
Must set Radar/EO record status pre-mission Poor datalink reliability May require dedicated air asset vice embedded |
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How are air reconnaissance missions received?
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Via JTAR/SR (Joint Tactical Air Reconnaissance/Surveillance Request)
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What is the definition of Anti-Air Warfare (AAW)?
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The action that is required to destroy or reduce to an acceptable level the enemy air and missile threat
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What are the two types of anti-air warfare?
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Offensive Anti-Air Warfare (OAAW)
Air Defense |
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Passive air defense constitutes all measures other than active air defense, which include what?
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Cover
Concealment Camouflage Deception Dispersion Protective Construction |
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What are the three specific tasks that define AAW?
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Preemptive Measures
Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses (SEAD) Local Air Superiority Measures |
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What is the primary purpose of AAW?
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To gain and maintain air superiority
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What are the three principles of AAW?
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Destruction-in-depth
Mutual Support Centralized Command & Decentralized Control |
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What six USMC aircraft are included in assault support?
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MV-22
CH-46 CH-53 AH-1 UH-1 KC-130 |
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Assault support missions can be categorized as?
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Preplanned
Immediate |
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MAGTF units can request assault support by submitting what type of request form?
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Assault Support Request (ASR) or Joint Tactical Airstrike Request (JTAR)
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What agency typically can divert airborne assets from missions of lower priority or launch them from a FOB or FARP in response to an immediate request?
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Direct Air Support Center (DASC)
Helicopter Direction Center (HDC) |
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List three of the seven assault support missions.
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Combat Assault Support
Air Delivery Aerial Refueling Air Evacuation Tactical Recovery of Aircraft and Personnel (TRAP) Air Logistics Support Battlefield Illumination |
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What are the principle objectives of the MACCS?
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Enhance unity of effort
Integrate the elements of the command and control systems Disseminate common situational awareness |
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The control of aircraft and missiles function _________ and focuses the other five functions of USMC aviation.
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integrates
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USMC aviation operates under what principle philosophy?
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Centralized Command and Decentralized Control
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What is the definition of Air Direction?
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The authority to regulate the employment of air resources, including both aircraft and surface-to-air weapons, to maintain a balance between their availability and the priorities assigned for their use.
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What is the definition of Air Control?
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The authority to direct the physical maneuver of aircraft in flight or to direct an aircraft or surface-to-air weapon unit to engage a specific target.
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MACCS agencies accomplish airspace control via what?
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Positive Control
Procedural Control Combination of Positive and Procedural Control |
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What are the main subsets of Electronic Warfare?
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Electronic Warfare Support (ES)
Electronic Attack (EA) Electronic Protection (EP) |
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The _____ is the only fast, flexible response for airborne EW tasking directly subordinate to the MAGTF Commander.
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EA-6B
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Preplanned EW support may be requested via what?
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The Joint Tactical Airstrike Request (JTAR) DD Form 1972
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Immediate EW support may be requested by contacting the _____.
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DASC
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What is the definition of Electronic Warfare?
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Any military action involving the use of electromagnetic energy to determine, reduce, exploit, or prevent hostile use of the electromagnetic spectrum and action which retains friendly use of the electromagnetic spectrum.
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What are the two functions of the firepower applied by OAS?
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Neutralization
Destruction |
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What is the definition of Deep Air Support?
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Air action against enemy targets at such a distance from friendly forces that detailed integration of each mission with fire and movement of friendly forces is not required.
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What is the definition of Air Interdiction?
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Air operations conducted to destroy, neutralize, or delay the enemy's military potential before it can be brought to bear effectively against friendly forces at such distance from friendly that detailed integration of each air mission with the fire and movement of friendly forces is not required.
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What is the definition of Close Air Support?
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Air action against hostile targets which are in close proximity to friendly forces and which require detailed integration of each air mission with the fire and movement of those forces.
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What are the Six Functions of Marine Aviation?
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Air Reconnaissance
Anti-Air Warfare Assault Support Control of Aircraft & Missiles Electronic Warfare Offensive Air Support |
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The principle objectives of the MACCS are to enhance unity of effort, integrate elements of the command and control system, and ____________________.
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disseminate common situational awareness
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The mission of the ________ is to provide the air command and control system.
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MACG
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The squadron that provides the Tactical Air Command Center (TACC) is the _______.
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MTACS
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The __________ provides communications support to link the ACE Headquarters, agencies of the MACCS, and ACE airfields together.
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MWCS
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The squadron that provides the TAOC, EW/C, and Air Traffic Control Detachments is the ________.
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MACS
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The LAAD Battalion provides _________, _________, surface-to-air weapons fires in defense of forward combat areas, _________, and __________.
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close in
low altitude vital areas installations |
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The Marine Air Support Squadron provides the __________.
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Direct Air Support Center
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The _________ squadron employs, operates, and maintains the UAS.
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VMU
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The ______ is the operational command post for the ACE Commander and is the only agency which normally exercises command.
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TACC
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Personnel of the TACC are doctrinally organized into four mutually supporting organizations: _____________.
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ACI
Future Plans Future Operations Current Operations |
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The culmination of the Current Operations effort is the publishing of the ATO.
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False
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The ___________ is the direct representative of the ACE Commander in the TACC as a member of the Current Operations Watch Section.
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Senior Watch Officer (SWO)
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Should the TACC become a casualty, the _________ is organized to assume the alternate TACC Current Operations Watch Crew functions for a limited period of time.
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TAOC
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Personnel assigned to the TACC are sourced from the _________.
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All of the above:
MTACS MACG ACE |
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___________ is the primary aviation planning tool used by the TACC for personnel working within both Future Operations and Current Operations for ___________.
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TBMCS
developing and executing the ATO |
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The Senior Air Coordinator is a crew member in the TACC that is _____________.
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the senior or most experienced MACCS watch stander in the Current Operations Watch Crew.
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The MEB will normally include _______ TAOC(s).
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1
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Two prominent limiting factors of the TAOC are electronic signature and ________.
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Low Altitude Radar Surveillance Coverage
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The TAOC controls assigned air defense weapons systems for threat engagements by both __________ and ________ control measures.
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positive
procedural |
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A TAOC crew is functionally divided into five task-organized type cells: command, _________, traffic, weapons, and ________.
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surveillance
deep air operations |
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The _________ is the principle air control agency for the control of direct air support operations.
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DASC
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The DASC coordinates the execution of direct air support missions with the activity of other fire support means through the appropriate ___________.
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FSCC
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The officer responsible for the detailed operation of the DASC is the ___________.
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SAD (Senior Air Director)
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The DASC is primarily responsible for processing _________ air requests.
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immediate
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The DASC is capable of task organizing itself to support the myriad of MAGTF operations through the use or combination of _____, ________, _____, and/or ______.
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DASC (Direct Air Support Center)
DASC(A) ASE (Air Support Elelment) ASLTs (Air Support Liaison Team) |
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The mission of the ATC Detachment is to provide Continuous Radar ________, ________, ________, and _________ Air Traffic Control Services within assigned controlled airspace to friendly aircraft.
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Approach
Departure Enroute Tower |
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The acronym MMT stands for _________.
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Marine Air Traffic Control Mobile Team
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The two types of Radar that the ATC Detachment employs are:
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MATCALS
ATNAVICS |
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The two NAVAIDS that the ATC Detachment employs are:
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AN/TRN-44 TACAN
AN/TRN-47 TACAN |
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The mission of the LAAD Bn is to provide ________, ________, __________ in support of the Marine Air-Ground Task Force (MAGTF), coalition and joint forces. LAAD Bn assets defend _____________, maneuver forces, ___________, installations, and/or units engaged in special/_________ operations. When not engaged in air defense operations, the LAAD Bn can provide a ________________ in defense of MAGTF air sites.
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close-in
low altitude surface-to-air weapons fires forward combat areas vital areas independent task-oriented ground security force |
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Two limitations of the Stinger Missile System are the effects of ______________ and ______________.
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weather/terrain or night operations
early warning/cueing or identification |
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Stinger teams utilize _________ and __________ as a means of positive identification of aircraft.
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IFF
visual identification |
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The organization of MWCS is structured as a _________ with MWCS-28 and MWCS-38 having ___________ detachments.
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Squadron
three |
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Which is the digital multichannel radio system currently in the MWCS?
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AN/MRC-142C
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The primary multichannel link between the TACC and TAOC is provided by the ________.
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MWCS Detachment
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The DEOS, AN/TTC-62 is a 2 man transportable telephone switchboard capable of providing 96 telephone lines.
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True
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A VMU will normally provide a minimum capability of one (1) RQ-7B Shadow UAS which includes ____________ aircraft.
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4
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Weather, such as __________, can limit UAV operations.
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All of the above:
High winds Visible moisture Poor visibility |
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The Unmanned Aircraft Commander (UAC) is responsible for the UAS mission, crew, and ____________.
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aircraft
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State the three divisions of Electronic Warfare (EW).
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ES (Electronic Warfare Support)
EA (Electronic Attack) EP (Electronic Protection) |
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Define Frequency
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The number of times per second that RF energy completes one cycle
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Define Modulation
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Change or variation in transmitted signal. Two types: frequency modulation (FM) and amplitude modulation (AM).
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Define Wavelength
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Measure of physical distance from one end of a complete cycle to the other expressed in meters
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Define Frequency Band
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An operating range of frequency capable of being tuned
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Define Band Width
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The frequency spread of a band expressed in Hz (Hertz)
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Define Channel
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A term that designates a subset of the operating band (same as TV channel)
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Define Pulse Width (PW)
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The amount of time the radar transmits in microseconds per pulse
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Define Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF)
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The frequency with which the pulses are transmitted (pulses per second)
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Define Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI)
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Time between pulses expressed in microseconds
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In general, radars using low frequency have (longer or shorter) ranger than those using high frequency.
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LONGER
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What radar beam feature determines angular resolution?
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Beam Width
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T or F.
Radar cross section of an aircraft is dependent solely on size. |
False
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Define Electronic Warfare Support (ES)
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ES is action taken to search for, intercept, and locate or localize sources of intentional and unintentional radiated electromagnetic energy for the purpose of immediate threat recognition, targeting, planning, and conduct of future operations
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Define Electronic Attack (EA)
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EA includes: 1) actions taken to prevent or reduce the enemy's effective use of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as jamming and electromagnetic deception, and 2) employment of weapons that use electromagnetic or directed energy as their primary destructive mechanism (lasers, radio frequency weapons, particle beams)
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What are the two classes of EA?
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Active
Passive |
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What are the two forms of noise jamming?
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Spot
Barrage |
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What are the two forms of deception jamming?
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Track break
False target |
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Define Electronic Protection (EP)
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EP is the division of electronic warfare involving passive and active means taken to protect personnel, facilities, and equipment from any effects of friendly or enemy employment of electronic warfare that degrade, neutralize, or destroy friendly combat capability
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Define burn-through range
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When the radar return from a target is stronger than the jamming signal, usually because range has decreased
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Describe how this radar parameter is changed to be used as an EP technique:
Power |
Because ground based radars are not limited by size, as aircraft jammers are, the power advantage is with ground based systems. Pulse compression and pulse coding also increase power out.
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Describe how this radar parameter is changed to be used as an EP technique:
Frequency |
Frequency afility is rapidly and automatically shifting to avoid channels being jammed. Doppler shift is another frequency EP technique that indicates target movement towards or away.
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Describe how this radar parameter is changed to be used as an EP technique:
PRF |
Jitter or stagger PRF causes shifting of false target jamming causing the real target to stand out from shifting false targets.
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Describe how this radar parameter is changed to be used as an EP technique:
Pulse Width |
Pulse width discrimination discards pulses that do not have the same pulse width as transmitted.
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Describe how this radar parameter is changed to be used as an EP technique:
Antenna Design |
EP fix when side and back lobes which are vulnerable to jamming are reduced to a minimum.
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Describe how this radar parameter is changed to be used as an EP technique:
Antenna Polarization |
Switching victim radar polarity reduces the effects of jamming greatly.
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Describe how this radar parameter is changed to be used as an EP technique:
Scan Pattern |
Determines the amount of energy directed at a target. More energy directed at a target increases the probability of detection and is EA resistant.
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State two types of IR countermeasures.
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Passive, to include engine suppression, IR cross-section reductions, IR signature reductions
Active countermeasures, to include flares or other powerful IR sources |
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Fire support coordinating measures that primarily facilitate the rapid engagement of targets are classified as _________ measures.
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permissive
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Fire support coordinating measures that primarily provide safeguards to friendly forces are classified as __________ measures.
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restrictive
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The _____________ or ____________ establishes all fire support coordinating measures.
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maneuver commander
CLF/MAGTF commander |
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The _____ recommends the establishment of all fire support coordinating measures. These measures are distinctly different than those used for tactical control of maneuver forces.
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FSC
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When geographically portrayed on maps, firing charts, and overlay, fire support coordinating measures will be displayed with the following information: graphic _________, ________, ____________, and ___________.
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depiction
abbreviation establishing command element effective date-time group (DTG) |
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Boundaries are used by the ________ commander to designate the geographical limits of the area of operations of a unit.
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maneuver
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Within his own designated boundaries, the unit commander has complete freedom of _____ and _________.
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fire
maneuver |
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A CFL is applicable to the following fire support means: _________, _________, and _______________.
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mortars
artillery naval surface fire support ships |
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The purpose of a CFL is to ______________________________________________________________________________________________.
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expedite the attack of targets beyond the CFL without coordination with the ground commander in whose zone of action the targets are located
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The location of a CFL is based on the recommendations of the ________.
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FSC
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A CFL is normally established by the commander of a ________. CFLs may be consolidated and established by the commander of a _________ or higher echelon unit.
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battalion
regiment |
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T or F.
If battalion CFLs are consolidated and established as a regimental CFL, the location of the regimental CFL must be coordinated with the battalions first. |
True
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In the offense, CFLs will be located relatively _________ from friendly positions. In the defense, CFLs will be located relatively ________ to the FEBA.
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further
closer |
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T or F.
CFLs may be located on the ground in coincidence with easily recognized terrain features, but this is not a requirement. |
True
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CFLs are geographically portrayed by a ________________. The CFL is labeled above the line with ___________, __________________________, and below the line with ____________.
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dashed black line
the letters "CFL" followed by the identity of the establishing command element in parentheses the effective DTG |
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Once established. the locations of CFLs are published by ________ and/or ________. The locations are disseminated to _________, ________, and __________ units, as well as all surface-to-surface fire support agencies.
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message
overlay higher lower adjacent |
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T or F.
An FSCL is applicable to all fire support means, including aircraft. |
True
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The purpose of an FSCL is to _____________________________.
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expedite the attack of targets of opportunity beyond the FSCL
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The location of the FSCL is based on the recommendation of the _______.
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FSC
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In Joint or Combined operations, the FSCL is established by ______________.
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headquarters above the MAGTF.
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A key factor in the placement of the FSCL is: ____________________________.
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the range of the land or amphibious commander's organic weapons systems
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T or F.
The FSCL should be located on terrain that is readily identifiable from the air. |
True
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FSCLs are geographically portrayed by a _________. The FSCL is labeled above the line with ____________, ______________________, and below the line with ________________.
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solid black line
the letters "FSCL" followed by the identity of the establishing command element in parentheses the effective DTG |
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Once established, the location of the FSCL is published by __________ and/or _________. The location is disseminated to ______________, ____________, and ___________, as well as to ________________, _________________________.
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message
overlay higher (if applicable) lower adjacent units all fire support agencies including the DASC and other agencies within the ACE |
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T or F.
A FFA is applicable to all fire support means, including aircraft. |
True
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The purpose of a FFA is to __________ and ____________________ if an aircraft is unable to drop on a target.
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expedite fire
facilitate the jettison of CAS munitions |
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The location of the FFA is based on the recommendations of the ______.
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FSC
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A FFA may only be established by the __________________________ with jurisdiction over the area, but it is normally established by the ____________________.
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civilian or military commander
CLF or MAGTF commander |
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T or F.
The establishment and location of a FFA should be coordinated with military or civilian officials of the host nation. |
True
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FFAs are graphically protrayed by a ________________________. They are labeled withing the enclosing line with ______________________, ____________________, and _____________.
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solid black line enclosing the area of the FFA
the letters "FFA" the identity of the establishing command element the effective DTG |
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Once established, the location of the FFA is published by _________ and/or __________. The location is disseminated to ______________, ___________, and __________, as well as to __________________, __________________________.
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message
overlay higher (if applicable) lower adjacent units all fire support agencies including the DASC and other agencies within the ACE |
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T or F.
A BCL is applicable to all fire support means, including aircraft. |
True
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The purpose of a BCL is to _____________________________________________________________.
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facilitate the expeditious attack of targets between the BCL and the FSCL.
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The location of a BCL is based on the recommendation of the _____.
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FSC
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A BCL is established by the ________________.
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MAGTF Commander
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T or F.
A BCL should be located on terrain that is readily identifiable from the air. |
True
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BCLs are graphically portrayed by a ____________. A BCL is labeled above the line with ______________, _______________________, and below the line with _____________.
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solid black line
the letters "BCL" followed by the identity of the establishing command element in parentheses the effective DTG |
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Once established, the location of the BCL is published by ___________ and/or ____________. The location is disseminated to __________, __________, and __________, as well as to _______________, _________________.
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message
overlay higher (if applicable) lower adjacent units all fire support agencies including the DASC and other agencies within the ACE |
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A BCL is an exclusive _________ fire support coordinating measure.
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Marine Corps
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T of F.
A RFL is applicable to all fire delivered by any fire support means. |
True
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The purpose of a RFL is to _____________________.
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prevent fratricide between converging friendly forces
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The location of the RFL should be based on the recommendation of the _______________________________________________________________.
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FSC of the common commander of the converging forces and the FSCs of the converging forces
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A RFL is established by ____________________________.
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the common commander of the converging forces.
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The actual location of the RFL on the ground depends on ______________________, _____________________, and ________________.
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the tactical situation
the intentions of the friendly forces the scheme of maneuver |
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If one of the converging forces is stationary, the RFL should be established __________________ to the stationary force. If both are moving, the RFL should be established _______________________________________________________.
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as close as possible
in such a fashion as to restrict each force to the minimum extent possible |
|
|
T or F.
There is no specific requirement that RFLs must be located on terrain that is readily identifiable on the ground and from the air. |
False
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RFLs are graphically portrayed by a _____________. The RFL is labeled above the line with _______________, _________________________, and below the line with ________________.
|
solid black line
the letters "RFL" followed by the identity of the establishing command element in parentheses the effective DTG |
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Once established, the location of the RFL is published by __________ and/or _____________. The location is disseminated to _________, _________, and ____________, as well as to _________________, _________________________________.
|
message
overlay higher lower adjacent units all fire support agencies including the DASC and other agencies within the ACE |
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A specific area in which specific restraints have been imposed regarding the delivery of fire support is called an ______.
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RFA
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An RFA applies to _____________________, including the effects of those fires which _______________________________________________________________.
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all fire support means
are not specifically restricted by the commander who establishes the RFA |
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Any fires delivered within an RFA which exceed the specific restrictions imposed must ______________________________________________.
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be coordinated with the commander who established the RFA.
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An RFA may be established by ______________________, based on the recommendation of the _____.
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any maneuver commander
FSC |
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The actual RFA on the ground depends on the tactical situation, the intentions of the friendly force, the scheme of maneuver, and _________________________________________________________.
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the consideration involved in restricting fires into the area in the first place
|
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T or F.
While there is no requirement in doctrinal publications to this effect, an RFA should be readily identifiable on the ground, as well as from the air. |
True
|
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An RFA can be delineated as _____________________, ______________________, or ___________________.
|
the boundary of a specific terrain feature
grid coordinates a radius from a point |
|
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RFAs are graphically portrayed by a ______________________________________________. The RFA is labeled within the enclosing line with __________________, __________________________, _________________________, and _____________.
|
solid black line enclosing the area of the RFA
the letters "RFA" the identity of the establishing command element the specific restriction the effective DTG |
|
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T or F.
The specific restrictions that apply to the RFA must be listed within the enclosing line, or reference must be made to a document that lists those restrictions. |
True
|
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A specific area into which no fires, or the effects of those fires, may penetrate is called a _______.
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NFA
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The purpose of an NFA is to _______________________________________________________________.
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prohibit fires or their effects in the area, normally to protect civilians and cultural areas
|
|
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T or F.
An NFA applies to all fire support means. |
True
|
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There are two exceptions to the prohibition against fires within an NFA. List them.
|
1) When the establishing commander of the NFA approves fires within the NFA on a mission basis.
2) When an enemy force within the NFA engages friendly forces, the commander may engage the enemy to defend his force. |
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An NFA is established by the _____________________, based on the recommendations of the ______.
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CLF or MAGTF Commander
FSC |
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T or F.
The establishment and location of an NFA is best coordinated with civilian and/or military leaders of the host nation. |
True
|
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NFAs are graphically portrayed by a _____________________________, _____________________________. They are labeled within the enclosing line with _____________________, ____________________________, and _________________.
|
solid black line enclosing the area of the NFA
with diagonal black lines drawn through the area the letters "NFA" the identity of the establishing command element the effective DTG |
|
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Once established, the location of the NFA is published by ________ and/or ____________. The location is disseminated to ____________, __________, and ___________, as well as to _________________________________________________________.
|
message
overlay higher (if applicable) lower adjacent units all fire support agencies, including the DASC and other agencies within the ACE |
|
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An ACA is defined as a _______________________________________________________________________________________________.
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three dimensional block of airspace in a target area, established by the appropriate ground commander, in which friendly aircraft are reasonably safe from friendly surface fires
|
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The purpose of an ACA is to _______________________________________________________________.
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ensure aircrew safety and effective use of indirect supporting surface fires by deconfliction of time and space
|
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An ACA is a ___________ fire support coordination measure.
|
restrictive
|
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An ACA is either "fornal" or "informal." A ________ ACA is a three dimensional block of airspace. An ___________ ACA is procedures used to facilitate immediate CAS missions or routing of helicopters when the implementation time required for a formal ACA is not available. Surface firces and aircraft can be separated by time, altitude, or laterally.
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formal
informal |
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Formal ACAs are established by the _________________________.
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airspace control agency
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The establishment of an ACA is based on the recommendation of the _______.
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FSC
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The size and shape of the ACA above the ground is based on the tactical situation, __________, _____________, _________________, and _____________.
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type of aircraft
type of ordnance air defense threat degree of restriction |
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ACAs are graphically portrayed by ________________________________________________. The ACA is labeled within the enclosing line with __________, _________________________, _______________, and _________________________________________________.
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a solid black line enclosing the area (length and width) of the ACA
the letters "ACA" the identity of the establishing command element the effective DTG the minimum and maximum altitudes of the ACA, expressed in altitude above sea level (MSL) |
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A ____________________________ has defined dimensions, which usually coincide with geographical features or navigational aids. Access to this measure is normally controlled by the _______________________.
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high density airspace control zone
maneuver commander |
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In air operations, the position at which a mission leader makes radio contact with an air control agency is called a _____________.
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contact point
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A temporary corridor of defined dimensions recommended for use by high-speed, fixed-wing aircraft that presents the minimum known hazards to low-flying aircraft transiting the combat zone is called a ________________.
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minimum risk route
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A _____________________ is a procedural method to separate fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft by determining an altitude below which fixed-wing aircraft normally will not fly.
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coordinating altitude
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What is the mission of the WTTP?
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To provide standardized advanced tactical training and certification of unit instructor qualifications that support Marine Aviation Training & Readiness (T&R).
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