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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Type of edema?
Effect of released bacterial components such as cell wall and LPS as well as cytokines released from macrophages such as IL-1 and TNF lead to ince bloood brain permability because of shift from intravascular fluid mvmt to extravascular space |
vasogenic edema
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Type of edema?
Due to increased resistance to CSF outflow from subarachnoid space bc of inflammation leading to dec reabsorption of CSF |
Interstial edema
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type of edema?
Due to inflammation in subarachnoid space caused by cell death and swelling and release of cytokines IL-1 and TNF from macrophages |
cytotoxic edema
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Type of edema?
Effect of released bacterial components such as cell wall and LPS as well as cytokines released from macrophages such as IL-1 and TNF lead to inc blood brain barrier permability because of shift from intravascular fluid mvmt to extravascular space |
vasogenic edema
|
|
Type of edema? Due to increased resistance to CSF outflow from subarachnoid space bc of inflammation leading to dec reabsorption of CSF
|
Interstial edema
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|
type of edema?
Due to inflammation in subarachnoid space caused by cell death and swelling and release of cytokines IL-1 and TNF from macrophages |
cytotoxic edema
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What are pathogenic factors for mucosal colonization?
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fimbriae
polysaccharide capsule IgA protease production |
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What are pathogenic factors for intravascular survival?
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polysaccharide capsule
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what is the pathogenic factor for meningial invasion?
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fimbriae, association with monocytes
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What host factors are involved in resistance of mucosal colonization?
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mucosal epithelium
secretory IgA ciliary activity |
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#1 bug cause bacterial meningitis in < 1 mo
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GBS
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#1 bug cause bacterial meningitis in 1 to 23 mo
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GBS
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#1 bug cause bacterial meningitis in 23 mo to 18 yrs
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N. meningitis
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#1 bug cause bacterial meningitis in 18 yrs to 50 yrs
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S. pneumoniae
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#1 bug cause bacterial meningitis in > 50 yrs
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S. pneumoniae
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bugs cause bacterial meningitis in head trauma or neuro surgery
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Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis aerobic gram negative bacilli (including pseudomonas species) |
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bugs cause bacterial meningitis in Basilar skull fracture/CSF leak
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S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae Group A, β-hemolytic streptococci |
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What is an important clinical finding for Neonates/infant bacterial meninigitis?
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a bulging fontanel
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Underlying conditions which predispose to the development of bacterial meningitis
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1. acute/chronic otitis media/mastoiditis
2. sinusitis 3. pneumonia 4. endocarditis 5. recent/remote head trauma (CSF leak) 6. immunosuppression (particularly defects in humoral immunity and/or splenic dysfunction); deficiency of terminal components of complement (N. meningitidis) 7. alcoholism |
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What is the best technique for detecting bacterial antigens in CSF and what organismis is it avaiable for?
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Latex agglutination
available for: S. pneumo N. meningitis H. influenza type B E. coli S. agalactiae (GBS) |
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Test done on all CSF from pt thought to have bacterial meningitis?
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gram stain
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Meningitis with a lymphocytic predominant pleocytosis in which bacterial stains and cultures are negative
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Aseptic meningitis
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most common cause of aseptic meninigitis
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enteroviruses
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when is aspetic meningitis most often seen?
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in the late summer and early fall and is often associated with community epidemics
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what are the early signs of bacterial meningitis?
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Shock
coagulopathy - disseminated intravascular coagulation respiratory failure -adult respiratory distress syndrome cerebral edema |
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what are the late signs of bacterial meningitis?
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behavioral/learning disabilities
hearing loss seizures hydrocephalus |
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what are measures of prevention for bacterial meningitis?
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-Antibiotic prophylaxis for close contacts
- meningococcal vaccine -HIB conjugate vaccine -23 - valent pneumococcal vaccine, 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine - management of GBS colonization in pregnancy |
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what are common sx of bacterial meningitis?
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-Headache
-fever -neck stiffness, photophobia -nausea/vomiting -change in mental status |