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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
South African's vineyards latitude |
between 27o and 34o south of the Equator. |
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Where most of the vineyards are located? |
Around the coastline of the Cape |
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Of what vineyards can take advantage? |
Of the cooling influence of the Southern Ocean and the dramatic mountainous backdrop |
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Climate overall |
Should have a hot climate. However, certain inland areas can be very hot over summer (excess of 30o) many vineyards are subjected to cooling influences. |
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What can be a cooling factor? |
The most important come from the Southern Ocean. -> Cold Benguela Current flows up from the Antarctic running past the tip and up the west coast of Africa, cooling coastal areas. The regular strong south-easterly summer winds, the Cape Doctor -> these bring air cooled by the ocean further inland and can reduce temp. by a couple of degrees. |
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What is the other defining feature of African wine lands? |
Is the prominent mountain ranges running throughout the wine regions. They offer a range of altitudes, aspects, soils, climates. |
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Does altitude has an influence on vineyard climate? |
Yes |
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How? |
Vineyards on the valley floors are generally much warmer than those in the mountains. |
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Why on the Southern Hemisphere vines may be planted on the southern slopes of mountains? |
To benefit from cooler temperatures. |
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What also can bring mountainous terrain? |
cast a shadow over nearby vineyards, giving slightly cooler temperatures during different parts of the day. Nearer the coast the mountains can also help channel the winds through the vineyards |
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Which is the most widely planted red variety? |
Cabernet Sauvignon - used for varietal wines, but also blended with Merlot and Cabernet Franc for Bordeaux style |
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Merlot style |
full-bodied, plummy wines |
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Syrah style |
Hot climate - rich and full-bodied, high in abv, ripe black fruit, sometimes earthy and meaty notes Cooler sites - less full-bodied, peppery examples |
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Where is planted Pinot Noir? |
In the coolest coastal areas (small amounts) |
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why? |
because it is not tolerant to the hot South African climate |
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How is matured the vast majority of premium red wines? |
In oak, with at least a proportion of new barrels used to give toasty aromas. |
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Pinotage is the crossing of two grapes. Which? |
Pinot Noir x Cinsault - this crossing was developed in South Africa and is hardly grown anywhere else. Is made in a range of styles |
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Is Pinotage blended? |
Yes, sometimes with international varieties, to make a 'Cape blend'. |
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Pinotage style on its own |
can be made in a light, fruity style red berry flavors. from old bush-vine wines may be very full-bodied, with rich, spiced, berry fruit When fermented/stored with toasted oak staves, can be intensely chocolate and coffee |
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What is the most planted variety of either colour? |
Chenin Blanc |
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what style is produced? |
both sweet and dry |
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Chenin Blanc style at basic level |
easy-drinking simple stone fruits |
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Chenin style from old bush vines |
more concentrated, complex flavour, fuller texture |
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what contributes barrel fermentation and/or ageing? |
extra body and toasty oak flavours |
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Which is the second most widely planted white variety? |
Colombard |
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in what a significant proportion of Colombard is used? |
in brandy production |
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Sauvignon Blanc style |
show range of possible styles but often have a herbaceous character. |
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from where comes the best examples of Sauv. Blanc? |
From the coolest regions; can display very pure flavours of citrus and green fruit |
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when should grapes of Sauvignon Blanc be picked in warmer regions? |
Need to be picked early to retain its pure flavours and high acidity |
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Where can Chardonnay make an exceptional quality? |
particularly in the cooler sites |
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What kind of Burgundian techniques are used in Chardonnay production? |
Barrel fermenting and lees-stirring |
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How is called Muscat of Alexandria? |
Hanepoot |
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is it widely planted? |
No |
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For what is it used? |
to produce late-harvest dessert wines when the grapes are left to shrivel on the vine. |
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Can noble rot be an influence in these wines? |
Yes |
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Plantings of Viognier has increased or decreased? |
Increased |
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Viognier style |
Usually, makes rich, perfumed wines with hint of toasty oak. |
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Where have high-quality white blends particularly emerged? |
In Swartland |
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Which grapes are usually blended? |
Chenin Blanc with Rhone varieties (Marsanne, Roussanne, Grenache Blanc, Viognier) |
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Where is made over 90 per cent of wines? |
in the Western Cape |
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From where comes the majority of the remainder wines? |
From the very hot and irrigated Orange River in the Norther Cape |
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For what is it mostly known? |
For inexpensive whites, rarely seen in export markets |
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Where is located Stellenbosch district? |
It stretches from just inland of the coast at Somerset West right up into the mountains that surround the town of Stellenbosch. |
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The Stellenbosch climate |
moderate to warm (depending on location) |
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The Stellenbosch weather |
Sufficient rainfall during the winter and summers are rarely too hot, thanks to the cool winds from False Bay that are funneled by the mountains to the valleys. |
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in what lies the success of Stellenbosch? |
In the variety of altitude, aspects, and soils that are available in such a small area |
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Is the district divided into a number of distinct wards? |
yes - each of the highlight Stellenbosch diversity |
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Stellenbosch has built up a reputation for high-quality red wines, in particular, which grape? |
Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot (Bordeaux style blend) Syrah and Cape red blends |
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Which grapes can be well grown in cooler sites? |
Sauvignon Blanc and Chardonnay |
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Where is located the Paarl district? |
to the north of Stellenbosch (it's large district) |
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The Paarl conditions |
it is less exposed to the cooling influences of the sea (further inland), it's hotter in the summer, however, can be moderated by cooler night temperatures. |
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What offers mountainous terrain? |
A variety of altitudes, aspects, and soils |
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Which grapes are planted in the Paarl? |
Mostly Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, and Pinotage whites: Chenin Blanc, Chardonnay |
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In which district is Constantia ward? |
In the Cape Peninsula which lies on the eastern flank of Table Mountain |
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By what are cooled these vineyards? |
By the Cape Doctor |
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What is it popular for? |
Sauvignon Blanc |
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What is Vin de Constance |
Sweet wine from late-harvested Muscat |
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To what are exposed vineyards planted south of Table Mountain closer to Cape Point itself? |
to cooling influences of the ocean |
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What grapes are planted there? |
whites: Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon reds: Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon (warmer sites) |
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Where is located the large Swartland district? |
In the north of Cape Town |
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What kind of grapes did it use to produce? |
inexpensive |
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and now? |
a centre of innovation and premium wine production |
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It is a particular source of which grapes? |
Old vine Chenin Blanc and high-quality Syrah |
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How are both of these grapes often farmed? |
dry-farmed (grown without irrigation) |
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what does it give? |
lower yields but enhance fruit concentration |
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is that also a source of numerous premium Cape Blends? |
yes, both reds and whites |
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Where is the Darling district? |
to the south-west of Swartland, near the coast (receives cooling sea breezes) |
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It is renowned for . . . |
sauvignon Blanc but now produces a range of other varieties, and like Swartland is a source of old vines. |
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In which district is located Durbanville ward? |
In the Tygerberg |
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Durbanville overall |
- offers hillside sites north of Cape Town - cooled by the sea breezes that also blow through Cape Point - reputation for Sauvignon Blanc |
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Where lies The Worcester district? |
at the eastern end of the Breede River Valley |
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Worcester climate |
hot and dry (river irrigation is essential) |
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Does it have fertile soils? |
Yes - can produce a significant proportion of S.A. wines |
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Which grapes are mostly planted? |
Chenin Blanc and Colombard |
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For what is used much of these wines? |
for distillation, however, can give reliable high-volume reds and whites |
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Where lies Robertson district? |
To the east of Worcester |
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its climate |
slightly cooler to Worcester thanks to south easterly winds drawn into the valley |
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This region is a source of... |
well-made wines for high volume brands |
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thanks to cooling influences and notable outcrops of less fertile soils this region can produce very good . . . |
Syrah and full-bodied Chardonnays |
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Cape South Coast is well exposed to the ocean. T/F? |
True |
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Is that source of best fruit and wines? T/F? |
True |
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Which is the most well-established area? |
Walker Bay - it contains the various wards of Hemel-en-Aarde |
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Which grapes are grown there? |
Bst Chardonnay and Pinot Noir. other varieties such as: Sauvignon Blanc, Merlot and Syrah |
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Which district lies to the north-west of Walker Bay? |
Elgin |
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What gives an important cooling influence there? |
an altitude |
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it has reputation for ... |
intense and fresh Sauvignon Blanc |
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and show promise to. . . |
Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and Syrah |
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Where is Elim ward? |
To the south-east of Walker Bay, in the Cape Agulhas district |
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it has a particular reputation for . . . |
pungent, herbaceous Sauvignon Blanc |
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and show promise. . . |
Syrah |