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90 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

South African's vineyards latitude

between 27o and 34o south of the Equator.

Where most of the vineyards are located?

Around the coastline of the Cape

Of what vineyards can take advantage?

Of the cooling influence of the Southern Ocean


and


the dramatic mountainous backdrop

Climate overall

Should have a hot climate.


However, certain inland areas can be very hot over summer (excess of 30o) many vineyards are subjected to cooling influences.

What can be a cooling factor?

The most important come from the Southern Ocean. -> Cold Benguela Current flows up from the Antarctic running past the tip and up the west coast of Africa, cooling coastal areas.




The regular strong south-easterly summer winds, the Cape Doctor -> these bring air cooled by the ocean further inland and can reduce temp. by a couple of degrees.

What is the other defining feature of African wine lands?

Is the prominent mountain ranges running throughout the wine regions.


They offer a range of altitudes, aspects, soils, climates.

Does altitude has an influence on vineyard climate?

Yes

How?

Vineyards on the valley floors are generally much warmer than those in the mountains.

Why on the Southern Hemisphere vines may be planted on the southern slopes of mountains?

To benefit from cooler temperatures.

What also can bring mountainous terrain?

cast a shadow over nearby vineyards, giving slightly cooler temperatures during different parts of the day.




Nearer the coast the mountains can also help channel the winds through the vineyards

Which is the most widely planted red variety?

Cabernet Sauvignon - used for varietal wines, but also blended with Merlot and Cabernet Franc for Bordeaux style

Merlot style

full-bodied, plummy wines

Syrah style

Hot climate - rich and full-bodied, high in abv,


ripe black fruit, sometimes earthy and meaty notes




Cooler sites - less full-bodied, peppery examples

Where is planted Pinot Noir?

In the coolest coastal areas (small amounts)

why?

because it is not tolerant to the hot South African climate

How is matured the vast majority of premium red wines?

In oak, with at least a proportion of new barrels used to give toasty aromas.

Pinotage is the crossing of two grapes. Which?

Pinot Noir x Cinsault - this crossing was developed in South Africa and is hardly grown anywhere else.




Is made in a range of styles

Is Pinotage blended?

Yes, sometimes with international varieties, to make a 'Cape blend'.

Pinotage style on its own

can be made in a light, fruity style


red berry flavors.




from old bush-vine wines may be very full-bodied, with rich, spiced, berry fruit




When fermented/stored with toasted oak staves, can be intensely chocolate and coffee

What is the most planted variety of either colour?

Chenin Blanc

what style is produced?

both sweet and dry

Chenin Blanc style at basic level

easy-drinking


simple stone fruits

Chenin style from old bush vines

more concentrated, complex flavour, fuller texture

what contributes barrel fermentation and/or ageing?

extra body and toasty oak flavours

Which is the second most widely planted white variety?

Colombard

in what a significant proportion of Colombard is used?

in brandy production

Sauvignon Blanc style

show range of possible styles but often have a herbaceous character.

from where comes the best examples of Sauv. Blanc?

From the coolest regions; can display very pure flavours of citrus and green fruit

when should grapes of Sauvignon Blanc be picked in warmer regions?

Need to be picked early to retain its pure flavours and high acidity

Where can Chardonnay make an exceptional quality?

particularly in the cooler sites

What kind of Burgundian techniques are used in Chardonnay production?

Barrel fermenting and lees-stirring

How is called Muscat of Alexandria?

Hanepoot

is it widely planted?

No

For what is it used?

to produce late-harvest dessert wines when the grapes are left to shrivel on the vine.

Can noble rot be an influence in these wines?

Yes

Plantings of Viognier has increased or decreased?

Increased

Viognier style

Usually, makes rich, perfumed wines with hint of toasty oak.

Where have high-quality white blends particularly emerged?

In Swartland

Which grapes are usually blended?

Chenin Blanc with Rhone varieties (Marsanne, Roussanne, Grenache Blanc, Viognier)

Where is made over 90 per cent of wines?

in the Western Cape

From where comes the majority of the remainder wines?

From the very hot and irrigated Orange River in the Norther Cape

For what is it mostly known?

For inexpensive whites, rarely seen in export markets

Where is located Stellenbosch district?

It stretches from just inland of the coast at Somerset West right up into the mountains that surround the town of Stellenbosch.

The Stellenbosch climate

moderate to warm (depending on location)

The Stellenbosch weather

Sufficient rainfall during the winter and summers are rarely too hot, thanks to the cool winds from False Bay that are funneled by the mountains to the valleys.

in what lies the success of Stellenbosch?

In the variety of altitude, aspects, and soils that are available in such a small area

Is the district divided into a number of distinct wards?

yes - each of the highlight Stellenbosch diversity

Stellenbosch has built up a reputation for high-quality red wines, in particular, which grape?

Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot (Bordeaux style blend)




Syrah and Cape red blends

Which grapes can be well grown in cooler sites?

Sauvignon Blanc and Chardonnay

Where is located the Paarl district?

to the north of Stellenbosch (it's large district)

The Paarl conditions

it is less exposed to the cooling influences of the sea (further inland), it's hotter in the summer, however, can be moderated by cooler night temperatures.

What offers mountainous terrain?

A variety of altitudes, aspects, and soils

Which grapes are planted in the Paarl?

Mostly Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, and Pinotage




whites: Chenin Blanc, Chardonnay

In which district is Constantia ward?

In the Cape Peninsula which lies on the eastern flank of Table Mountain

By what are cooled these vineyards?

By the Cape Doctor

What is it popular for?

Sauvignon Blanc

What is Vin de Constance

Sweet wine from late-harvested Muscat

To what are exposed vineyards planted south of Table Mountain closer to Cape Point itself?

to cooling influences of the ocean

What grapes are planted there?

whites: Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon


reds: Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon (warmer sites)



Where is located the large Swartland district?

In the north of Cape Town

What kind of grapes did it use to produce?

inexpensive

and now?

a centre of innovation and premium wine production

It is a particular source of which grapes?

Old vine Chenin Blanc and high-quality Syrah

How are both of these grapes often farmed?

dry-farmed (grown without irrigation)

what does it give?

lower yields but enhance fruit concentration

is that also a source of numerous premium Cape Blends?

yes, both reds and whites

Where is the Darling district?

to the south-west of Swartland, near the coast (receives cooling sea breezes)

It is renowned for . . .

sauvignon Blanc but now produces a range of other varieties, and like Swartland is a source of old vines.

In which district is located Durbanville ward?

In the Tygerberg

Durbanville overall

- offers hillside sites north of Cape Town


- cooled by the sea breezes that also blow through Cape Point


- reputation for Sauvignon Blanc

Where lies The Worcester district?

at the eastern end of the Breede River Valley

Worcester climate

hot and dry (river irrigation is essential)

Does it have fertile soils?

Yes - can produce a significant proportion of S.A. wines

Which grapes are mostly planted?

Chenin Blanc and Colombard

For what is used much of these wines?

for distillation, however, can give reliable high-volume reds and whites

Where lies Robertson district?

To the east of Worcester

its climate

slightly cooler to Worcester thanks to south easterly winds drawn into the valley

This region is a source of...

well-made wines for high volume brands

thanks to cooling influences and notable outcrops of less fertile soils this region can produce very good . . .

Syrah and full-bodied Chardonnays

Cape South Coast is well exposed to the ocean. T/F?

True

Is that source of best fruit and wines? T/F?

True

Which is the most well-established area?

Walker Bay - it contains the various wards of Hemel-en-Aarde

Which grapes are grown there?

Bst Chardonnay and Pinot Noir.


other varieties such as: Sauvignon Blanc, Merlot and Syrah

Which district lies to the north-west of Walker Bay?

Elgin

What gives an important cooling influence there?

an altitude

it has reputation for ...

intense and fresh Sauvignon Blanc



and show promise to. . .

Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and Syrah

Where is Elim ward?

To the south-east of Walker Bay, in the Cape Agulhas district

it has a particular reputation for . . .

pungent, herbaceous Sauvignon Blanc

and show promise. . .

Syrah