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135 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sign of Oxidation
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Brown in colour
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Cloudiness could be (2 things)
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Bacteria spoilage or re-fermentation in bottle
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What lattitudes of the Earth are most wines grown?
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30-50th parallel
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What is a micro-climate?
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Refers to the specific environment in a small restricted space - such as a row of vines.
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What is the Cote D'Or?
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Heart of Burgundy
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What is the Cote De Beune?
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Southern half of Cote D'Or, White Burgundy
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What is the Pouilly-Fuisse?
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Village in far south of Cote D'Or, specifically Maconnais region, tropical, full-bodied
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What are Lees?
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Dead yeast cells
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Premier French region bone-dry Chardonnay? Why?
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Chablis, limestone soils - mineral signature
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What are the most famous villages of Cote De Beune?
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Puligny-Montrachet & Meursault
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Region in Australia for Chardonnay
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Adelaide Hills & Hunter Valley
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Region in Chile for Chardonnay
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Casablanca Valley
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What determines the redness of a wine?
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Skin contact
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Are white wines fermented at the same temp as red wine?
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No, cooler
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Why are white wines fermented at cooler temperatures?
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To preserve the aromatics
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What is the average fermention temp for Chardonnay?
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15-20 degrees Celcius
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How many litres are in a Barrique?
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225 Litres
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What is chaptilization?
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Adding more sugar before fermentation to raise alcohol (yeast get more food to ferment on)
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What is the classic French region for Pinot Noir?
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Burgundy, aka Bourgogne
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What is Gevrey-Chambertin known for?
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Pinot Noir. Famous village in Burgundy (Cote d'Or)
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Three regions in New Zealand for Pinot Noir
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Central Otago & Martinborough (ripest), Malborough (lighter)
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What are known as the aromatic white varietals?
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Sauvignon Blanc and Riesling
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Region in France for Sauvignon Blanc?
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Sancerre, Loire Valley - smokey characteristic unlike New Zealand
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Bordeaux: common blend for Sauvignon Blanc
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Semillon
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Sauternes: 2 grapes blended with Sauvignon Blanc
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Semillon & Muscadel
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Region in Chile for Sauvignon Blanc?
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Casablanca Valley
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How does the vintage year differ in the Northern vs Southern hemispheres?
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Same vintage, Southern Hemisphere will be 6 months older
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What general classification has no vintage or varietal on the label?
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Table wine or "Vin de Table"
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What general classification has vintage, varietal and a general geographic location?
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Vin de Pays (ex: Vin de Pays D'Oc)
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What type of soil is the Medoc famous for?
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Gravelly soils
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What varietal dominates Bordeaux blends from the left bank?
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Cabernet Sauvignon
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What varietal dominates Bordeaux blends from the right bank?
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Merlot
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Regions in Chile for Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot?
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Maipo Valley & Rapel Valley
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Regions in New Zealand for Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot?
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Hawke's Bay
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How does spicy food affect wine?
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Makes it taste drier
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How does sweet food affect wine?
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Makes it taste drier
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What does petrol indicate in a Riesling?
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Age
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In Germany, how is Riesling quality determined?
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Level of sugar in grape at harvest
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What are the six German Pradikats in order from lightest to sweetest?
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Kabinett, Spatlese, Auslese, Beerenauslese, Eisewein, Trokenbeerenauslese
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How many Grand Crus sites are there in Alsace for Riesling?
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51
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What terroir feature keeps Alsatian white wine dry?
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Vosges Mountain Range, protects the vines from the weather
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Two regions in Australia for Riesling?
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Clare Valley & Eden Valley
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How many quality regions are there in Germany? And what is the term?
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13; Anbaugebiete
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What is "Pfalz"?
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Southern German growing region - drier, fuller, higher alcohol wines
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What is "Rheinhessen"?
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Major bulk wine producing area in Germany
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What is the name of the high volume white grape used in Germany?
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Muller Thurgau
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What does Trocken indicate?
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Dry
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What does Halbtrocken indicate?
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Half-dry
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What causes Oxidation of wine?
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Excessive exposure of wine to oxygen
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What is an example of a deliberately oxidized wine?
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Olorosso Sherry
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How many Crus are there in Beuajolais?
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10
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What date is Beaujolais Nouveau released?
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Third Thursday in November
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What grape is in Beaujolais and how is it fermented?
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Gamay Noir; using carbonic masceration
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Name of appellation in Loire Valley dedicated exclusively to Chenin Blanc?
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Vouvray
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What is the only grape allowed in red wines from the Northern Rhone?
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Syrah
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What does a label "Cote du Rhone" indicate about the origin of the grapes?
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Anywhere in the Rhone, but typically from the South
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Region in Australia for Shiraz?
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Barossa, McLaren Vale, Hunter Valley
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Where is the Hunter Valley?
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Just outside Sydney
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What is the Hunter Valley known for?
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Semillon
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What is the main grape in the Italian Piedmont region?
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Nebbiolo
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What are 2 characteristic aromas of Nebbiolo?
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Tar and Roses
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What grape is Italian Dolcetto similar to?
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Gamay
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What are the 3 styles of wine from the Italian Veneto region?
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Valpolicella, Amarone, Ripasso
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How is Ripasso made?
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It is a Valpolicella blend that is refermented on the skins of Amarone grapes
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What is an important sub-zone of Tuscany?
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Chianti Classico
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What does the term "Classico" refer to in Italy?
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Original planted area for a varietal
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What does the term "IGT" mean in Italy?
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Vin de Pays
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What is the equivalent of the Spanish varietal Monastrel?
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Mouvedre
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What is grown in Ribero del Duero?
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Tempranillo
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What does the term "Vino de la Tierra" mean in Spain?
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Vin de Pays
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What is the Spanish region of Navarra known for?
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Rose
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What are the 3 major regions for Red in Portugal?
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Duoro, Dao, Bairrada
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What characteristic of food should you match wine to?
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The most intense flavor on the plate
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What is Hawkes Bay in New Zealand known for?
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Cabernet and Merlot blends
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What is a Chateau?
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France, defined piece of land
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What is a Grand Vin?
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France, premium wine made by a Chateau
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What are the 4 major regions of Medoc?
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Medoc, Haut-Medoc, Pauillac, Margaux
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Ranking in Bordeaux
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Cru Bourgeois, Cru Classe, Grand Cru Classe
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What are the 2 main appelations of Merlot based Bordeaux
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Saint-Emilion & Pomerol
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What are wines from the wider Burgunday region labelled as?
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Bourgogne AC
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What are the 2 major areas of the Cote d'Or?
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North, Cote do Nuits; South, Cote de Beune
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What does domaine indicate in France?
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Wines made from grapes grown in their own vineyard
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What are the four main red wine villages of Burgundy?
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Gevrey-Chambertin, Nuits-Saint-Georges, Beaune, Pommard
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What are the 3 main regions of white Burgundy?
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Chablis, Cote d'Or, Maconnais
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What are the 2 main sub-regions of Cote d'Or for white Burgundy?
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Puligny-Montrachet, Meursault
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What are the main Beaujolais villages?
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Fleurie, Brouilly, Morgon and Moulin-a-Vent
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What are the two major regions of the Loire Valley?
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Sancerre & Pouilly-Fume
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What are the 3 major regions of the Northern Rhone?
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Crozes-Hermitage, Hermitage, Cote-Rotie
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What are the 3 major regions of the Southern Rhone?
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Chateauneuf du Pape, Cote du Rhone, Cote du Rhone Villages
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Which Rhone region only allows Syrah?
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Northern Rhone
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Where is the majority of France's Vin de Pays wine produced?
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Languedoc-Roussillon, aka Vin de Pays d'Oc
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What are the 3 major premium regions of Germany?
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Mosel, Rheingau and Pfalz
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What are the most famous wines from Piedmont?
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Barolo DOCG and Barbaresco DOCG
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What is the main grape in Valpolicella?
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Corvina
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What is the main grape in Chianti?
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Sangiovese
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What are the three main grapes in red wine from Southern Italy?
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Primitivo (Zinfandel), Negroamaro, Alianico
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What are the 3 most important regions for Italian Whites? Main Grape?
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Soave, Frascati, Orvieto (main grape = Trebbiano)
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What is the predominant grape in Italian White?
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Trebbiano
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What are the 3 labelling terms for age of Spanish wines?
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Crianza, Reserva, and Gran Reserva
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What is the most important Spanish region and grape?
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Rioja, Tepranillo
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What is commonly blended with Tepranillo?
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Grenache (for alcohol, spice, and light tannins)
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What are the premium white regions in Spain?
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Rioja, Catalunya
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New emerging southeast region of Portugal?
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Alentejo
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What is the main white bulk Portuguese wine?
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Vinho Verde
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What region of New Zealand is known for Sauvignon Blanc?
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Marlborough
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Where is Chardonnay grown in New Zealand (3 places)?
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Gisborne, Hawke's Bay, Marlborough
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What two regions in Australia are known for Cabernet Sauvignon?
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Margaret River & Coonawarra
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What states encompass the South Eastern Australia region?
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South Australia, Victoria, & New South Wales
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What area in Australia is known for it's fortified Liquer Muscat?
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Rutherglen
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What is the labelling scheme called in South Africa?
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Wine of Origin (WO)
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What are the premium regions in South Africa?
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Stellenbosch and Paarl
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What did Pinotage descend from?
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Cross between Pinot Noir and Cinsaut
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What is the major bulk white varietal grown in South Africa?
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Chenin Blanc
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Most important locations for wine in Chile?
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Central Valley (Maipo & Rapel), Casablanca
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What is the signature black grape of Chile?
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Carmenere
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What is the signature black grape of Argentina?
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Malbec
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What are the premium regions of Argentina?
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Mendoza and Cafayate
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What is the signature white grape of Argentina?
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Torrontes
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Major California regions?
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Napa, Sonoma, Carneros
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What is the signature California black grape?
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Zinfandel
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Tank method: 3 main types produced
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Prosecco, Asti DOCG & Sekt
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What is yeast autolysis?
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Decomposition of yeast cells, adding flavors
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What is the name of the machine which turns the Sparkling bottles?
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gyroplettes
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What does dosage mean?
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The top up of wine and (usually) sugar before Champagne is sealed
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What is the minimum legal period of ageing for NV Champagne AOC?
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15 months (For vintage, 3 years)
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What is a Cremant?
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French sparkling wine made in the traditional method
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What is the main region for Cremant production?
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Saumur, in the Loire Valley (Chenin Blanc)
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What are the 3 varietals grown in Champagne?
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Pinot Noir, (Pinot) Meunier and Chardonnay
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What are the 3 major fortified Muscats?
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Vins doux Naturels, Moscatel de Valencia, Liqueur Muscat
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What is fortification?
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Adding alchol to a partially fermented wine
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What are two components that can added to sweeten a wine?
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Grape concentrate & Sussreserve
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What alcohol level does yeast die at?
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15% abv
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What is the standard alcohol range for most table wine?
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8-15%
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What are 3 ways to concentrate the sugars in a grape?
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Dry them; Noble rot; freeze (ice wine)
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What areas of France, other than Sauternes make sweet wines?
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Coteaux du Layon & Vouvray (both in Loire) - Chenin Blanc
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