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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the labeling requirement for vintage in South Africa?
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75%
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What is the labeling requirement for variety in South Africa?
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75%
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What are the labeling requirements for South African wine sold in the EU?
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85% for variety and vintage; 100% for stated production area
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How are wines classified by production area in South Africa?
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estate > ward > district > region
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What are the main types of wine producers in South Africa?
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co-ops, estate wineries, and merchants
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What is the climate like in South Africa?
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Mediterranean climate. Benguela current has cooling effect. Irrigation is needed in some regions. Cooler zones close to coast.
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Name the red varieties of South Africa.
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Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinotage, Shiraz, Pinot Noir
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Name the white varieties of South Africa.
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Chenin Blanc, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc
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What is Pinotage?
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Pinot Noir X Cinsault
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What is a "Cape Blend"?
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Pinotage blended with international varieties.
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What is another name for Muscat of Alexandria in South Africa?
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Hanepoot
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What is another name for Chenin Blanc in South Africa?
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Steen
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What are the main regions in South Africa?
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Coastal Region, Breede River Valley Region
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What are the main wards in the Coastal Region?
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Constantia, Durbanville, Stellenbosch
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What are the main districts of the Breede River Valley?
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Worcester, Robertson
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What is the Western Cape?
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Covers all vineyards of the Cape and represents all appellations allowing single varietal wines to be blended from the different regions and sold in the EU.
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Describe Constantia and Durbanville.
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Wards of the Coastal Region that are influenced by the sea and produce Sauvignon Blanc.
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Describe Stellenbosch.
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District that is warmer with granite and sandstone soils. International varieties found, most famous for reds from Bordeaux varieties and Pinotage.
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Describe Paarl.
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In the Coastal Region; warmer than Stellenbosch.
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Describe Worcester.
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District in Breede River Valley region that produces inexpensive whites from Chenin Blanc and Colombard and some high quality fortified reds.
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Describe Robertson.
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District in Breede River Valley region that produces inexpensive whites. Hot conditions. Also produces high quality Chardonnays and Sauvignon Blancs.
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Describe Walker Bay.
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District that produces good Pinot Noirs and Chardonnays.
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Describe Elgin.
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Ward in the Overberg district. Altitude and ocean influence. Herbaceous Sauvignon Blancs.
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Where are the best vineyards in Australia located?
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Close to the coast, in valleys of Murray-Darling, which have irrigation, and cool climate vineyards on high altitude sights.
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What is the climate of Australia?
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Mostly Mediterranean.
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Describe winemaking in Australia.
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Irrigation, leaf canopy management, must adjustments (adding acid or tannins), terroir still important.
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What is "South-Eastern Australia"?
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Super zone that combines elements of many regions.
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What are the red grapes of Australia?
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Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Petit Verdot, Grenache
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What are the white grapes of Australia?
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Chardonnay, Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling, and Verdelho
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Describe Shiraz in Australia.
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Hot regions (Hunter and Barossa Valley): soft, earthly, spicy, leather and caramel notes. Cooler regions (Margaret River, Western Victoria): leaner, more peppery style.
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Describe blending of Shiraz in Australia.
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Shiraz may be blended with Cabernet Sauvignon to give it softness. Or may be blended with Viognier to give complexity and texture.
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Describe Cabernet Sauvignon in Australia.
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Firmer tannins and higher acidity than Shiraz. Ripe black fruit and toasty, meaty oaky notes. (Coonawarra and Margaret River)
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Describe Chardonnay in Australia.
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Peach, melon, fig, banana. Wide variety of styles. Common to see blended with Semillon.
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Describe Riesling in Australia.
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Bold citrus develops into toast, honey, and petrol. Unoaked, dry or slightly off-dry. Eden and Clare Valleys in South Australia.
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Describe Semillon in Australia.
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Mostly in lower Hunter Valley. Light bodied, crisp acidity. Toast, nut, and honey.
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What are Gis?
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Geographical indications of wine in Australia. Do not specify varieties, viticultural methods, yields, or styles.
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What are the labeling requirements in Australia?
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If regions, varieties, or vintages are stated, 85% of wine most come from those regions, varieties, or vintages.
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What is the main reason for having the South-Eastern Australia super zone?
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Within EU, wines that are blended from several regions may not be sold as quality wines and cannot state vintage or varietals.
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What are the main regions used in South-Eastern Australia wines?
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Murray-Darling, Riverland, Riverina
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What are the main regions of South Australia?
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Adelaide Hills, Barossa Valley, Clare Valley, Coonawarra, Eden Valley, Limestone Coast, McLaren Vale, Langhorne Creek, Padthaway, Riverland
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Describe Riverland Region.
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South Australia. Irrigated vineyards. Large quantities. Healthy fruit. Hot conditions so grapes reach sugar ripeness before develop flavor.
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Describe Barossa Valley.
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South Australia. Ironstone and limestone. Hot climate. Shiraz, Grenache, Mataro, and Cabernet Sauvignon. Shiraz is full bodied, soft, earthy, spicy, and develops leather notes.
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Describe Eden Valley.
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South Australia. Cooler vineyards surrounding hills. Rieslings with medium body, dry or slightly off-dry, with high acidity.
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Describe Clare Valley.
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South Australia. Riesling a specialty. Lighter in body and more austere than Eden Valley because of cooler climate.
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Describe the Adelaide Hills Region.
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South Australia. Cool climate specializing in Chardonnay with high level of acid and perfumed fruit notes of nectarines and lemons.
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Describe McLaren Vale.
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South Australia. Red wine from Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz, and Merlot. Soft, very juicy fruit.
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Describe Langhorne Creek.
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South Australia. Earthy, full bodied Shiraz.
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Describe Coonawarra.
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South Australia. Terra rossa soil over limestone subsoil. Mostly Cabernet Sauvignon.
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Describe Padthaway.
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South Australia. Similar soils and wine to Coonawarra.
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What are the main regions of Victoria?
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Mornington Peninsula, Rutherglen, Yarra Valley, Geelong
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Describe Rutherglen.
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Victoria. Known for Liqueur Muscats and Tokays.
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Describe Yarra Valley Region.
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Victoria. Cool climate. Soils mixture of loams to fertile, red, volcanic earth. Pinot Noir is specialty but some Chardonnay and cabernet Sauvignon made. Pinot Noirs are full-bodied and rich in fruit. Chardonnays show citrus and crisp acidity. Cabernet Sauvignon has firm tannins and noticeable acidity.
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Describe Geelong and Mornington Peninsula.
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Victoria. Pinot Noir and Chardonnay. Mild maritime climate.
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Describe Goulburn Valley.
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White wines from Rhone varieties and Rieslings.
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Describe Pyrenees and Grampians.
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Powerful, tannic Shiraz. Altitude brings cooler temperatures. Wines have higher acidity and more peppery spice.
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Describe Canberra District.
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Quality Viognier and Shiraz.
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What are the main regions of New South Wales?
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Hunter Valley, Mudgee, Orange, Cowra, Murray-Darling, Riverina
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Describe Lower Hunter Valley.
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Soil is volcanic basalt. Difficult climate. Rain throughout the year. Semillon and Shiraz. Semillons harvested early with low sugar levels and high acidity; light in alcohol and neutral in flavor when first bottled then develop honey and toast flavors. Shiraz is soft and earthy.
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Describe Upper Hunter Valley.
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Drier climate than in the Lower Hunter Valley. Vineyards are irrigated. Chardonnay dominates.
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Describe Mudgee, Cowra, and Orange.
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New South Wales. Cooler climate. Concentrated Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay.
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Describe Riverina.
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New South Wales. Botrytized wines from Semillon are a specialty.
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What are the main regions of Western Australia?
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Swan Valley, Margaret River, Mount Barker, Frankland River.
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Describe Swan Valley.
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Very hot climate. Big, jammy, high-alcohol red wines.
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Describe Margaret River.
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Western Australia. Maritime climate. Cabernets and Bordeaux blends; cool enough to produce Chardonnay, Semillon.
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Describe Mount Barker and Frankland River.
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Western Australia. Great Southern Region. Deeply colored Cabernet Sauvignon; tannic, peppery Shiraz; fruity Rieslings.
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Describe Pemberton.
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Western Australia. Pinot Noir and Chardonnay.
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Describe Tasmania.
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Coolest climate in Australia. Excellent sparkling wines. Creating Pinot Noirs and aromatic whites from Alsace varieties.
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What is the climate of New Zealand?
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Mostly maritime. In northern vineyards is subtropical. Sunniest in Marlborough; driest in Central Otago. Excessive rainfall on eastern seaboard, but protected by mountains from west wind and rain.
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What are the most important white varieties in New Zealand?
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Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay
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What are the most important red varieties in New Zealand?
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Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot
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What is Sauvignon Blanc like in New Zealand?
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Benchmark in Marlborough. Intense aromas of capsicum, grass, elderflower, passion fruit, and mineral notes.
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What is Chardonnay like in New Zealand?
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Clean fruit character, crisp acidity. Gisborne Chardonnays have riper, more exotic fruit than those from Marlborough or Central Otago.
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What is Pinot Noir like in New Zealand?
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Martinborough good region for Pinot Noir. Rich, cherry, velvety. Marlborough Pinot Noir is lighter and more vegetal. Central Otago Pinot Noir is complex, powerful, and elegant.
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What region is known for Bordeaux-style wines in New Zealand?
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Hawkes Bay
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What are the main regions of the North Island of New Zealand?
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Auckland, Gisborne, Hawkes Bay, Martinborough
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What are the main regions of the South Island of New Zealand?
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Canterbury, Marlborough, Nelson, Otago
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Describe Auckland.
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North Island, New Zealand. Mainly red wines from grapes grown in clay soils.
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Describe Gisborne.
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North Island, New Zealand. Chardonnay. Fertile soils.
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Describe Hawkes Bay.
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North Island, New Zealand. Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot.
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Describe Martinborough.
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North Island, New Zealand. Rich, full-bodied, cherry Pinot Noir.
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Describe Marlborough.
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South Island, New Zealand. Sunniest part of country. Herbaceous Sauvignon Blanc. Plantings of Chardonnay and Pinot Noir for sparkling wines.
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Describe Nelson.
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South Island, New Zealand. Late harvest wines, mostly Rieslings.
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Describe Canterbury.
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South Island, New Zealand.
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Describe Central Otago.
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South Island, New Zealand. Continental climate with warm days and cold nights. Concentrated fruit flavors. Pinot Noir, Riesling, and Pinot Gris.
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