Wset Advanced: Section 3/33 Portugal

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Wine Laws

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PDO is DOP-Denomicao Origem Protegida
but following traditionaly term is registred
*DOC-Denominacao de Origem Controlada.

PGI is IGP-indicacao Geografica Protegida but traditional term i sregistred i EU
*Vinho Regional

*Reserva is a term reserved for DOC wines
- only vintage wines
- wines must be with disinctive organoleptic characteristic.
- Must packaged in glass bottles
- exceed at least 0.5% abv

*Garrafeira can applied to all Portugues wines (DOC and IGP)
- only vintage wines
- wines must be with disinctive organoleptic characteristic.
- Red wines requires minimum 30 months ageing of which at least 12 months in glass bottles
- Rose and White Garrafeira requires minimum 12 months of ageing of which 6 months in glass bottles.

*Vinho com ano de Colheita ou Casta
- Table wine that requires vintage and grape variety expose on the label
*Vinho - simply wine

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Climate

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- has great climate diversity
- Maritime climate affected by Atlantic ocean with warm sumers and cold winters
- Continetal climate has vineyards located inland, hot and dry
- Douro also have Continental climate, hot but nor=t so dry by influence of Douro River and its tributaries.

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Touriga Nacional

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- Portugal's finest black grape variety.
- low yields
- Intense colour and flavours, high tannins
- used for Port
- best dry Reds from Duoro and Dao regions
- Permitet in blend with Bairrada and Alentejo DOC wine
- Important for best IGP blends

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Tinta Roriz / Aragones

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- it is the same as Tempranillo
- used for production sweet fortified and unfortified dry red wines
- deep-coloured. complex, ripe high tannin wines
- its used in through center and south sometimes on its own, but usualy blended

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Castelao

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- finest wines in Palmela DOC
- Permitet in Bairrada DOC
- known in IGP blends as Periquita
- with low yields can produce rich-textured, fruty wines with nuty flavour under ageing

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Baga

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- main component in Bairraga DOC
- thick skineed, produced deep coloured, high acid and tannin wines

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Trincadera

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- drought tolerant vine and require hot climate to flourish
- complexity, fruity, spicy wine with high levels of colour and tannin
- importand in Alatejo DOC, where is usualy blended with Aragones
- used in Port
- used in some Douro reds konown as *Tinta Amarela

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Arinto

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- semi araomatc, fresh and fruty wine , capable to retain its acidity during the full ripening in hot condition.
- finest white wines in Bucelas DOC
- importand part in Vinho Verde also known as Pederna
- its used to provide freshness and frutyness in many IGP blende as well in Alenejo DOC

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Other Portugese Whites

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porduction of light-bodied, crisp and fresh wines from:
*Loureio
*Trajadura
*Alvarinho - Albarino in Spain

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Northern Portugal

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regions
*Vinho Verde DOC
*Douro DOC
*Dao DOC
*Bairrada DOC

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Vinho Verde DOC

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- located in NW Portugal
- altitude 100-175 m
- cold winds from Atlantic
- anual rainfall 1200 mm, higest in winter and spring
- shallow granite base soil
- VSP trained vineyards, with high fruit zone to provide air flow in the humid environment
- Clasic Vinho Verde wines is pale yaelow coloured, with high acidity and low alcohol (8-11.5%abv)
- if grape variety or sub-region is mentoned on label, alcohol level can be up to 14% abv
- White wines are made from follow varieties
*Loureiro, *Arinto (Penderna), *Trajadura, *Avesso and *Azal
- Traditionaly this wines have slight sparkling sensation that reinforces flavours and freshness
- Vhino Verde Alvarinho is produced only with Alavarinho grape variety and wine is slightly higher in alcohol (11.5-14%abv) , riper and with more tropical aromas
- There is also production of Red and Rose wines

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Douro DOC

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- altitude 200-850 m
- maritime climate in west part of a Douro Valley with anual rainfall 900 mm
- continental in east part, hot wit anual rainfall 400 mm
- steep slope teraces (Patamares), inclinations is greater than 35%
- Five most important Port varieties is
Touriga Nacional, Touriga Franca, Tinta Roriz, Tinta Barroca and Tinto Cao
- slate soil provide good drenage and retain enough humidity in hot summers and retain day warmth for cool nights.
- result is deep coloured as well phenolic wine without lost its fruitiness and freshness
- *Barca Velha (iconic) is produced in east part of Douro valley
- Port wine overshadoved table wines of the Douro

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Dao DOC

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- altitude 200-400 m
- granite soil
- Cold and rainy winters with hot and dry summers, wide diurnal temperature range
- Touriga Nacional and Tinta Roriz is wide plantend varieties
- VSP trained at double cordon
- Dao reds are ruby coloured, with delicate ripe red fruit aromas and soft tannins balanced with high acidity
- Dao whites are medium bodied and refreshing high acidity

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Bairrada DOC

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- located between Dao and Atlantic ocean
- Limestone with heavy clay soil
- Mild climate with rainy winters and warm summers, rainfals start in September and may damaged the late ripening varieties.
- Importand grame variety is Touriga Nacional along Baga, Alfroncheiro, Camarate, Castelao
- Classico is blend of upper varieties that require minimum 50% of Baga to be included in blend

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Nirthern Portugal IGP

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- Followed wines can be labeled *Vinhos Regionais
*IGP Minho local wines outside of DOC status in Vinho Verde
*IGP Douriense outside Douro DOC
*IGP Beiras are wines from two DOC zones Dao and Barriada which is not includet in DOC group.

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Central Portugal IGP

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*IGP Lisboa (known as Estremadura)
- located on Atlantic coastal area north of Lisbon
- gently slopes
- limestone and clay soil
- warm maritime climate, no significant difference in temperature
- anual rainfall 600-700 mm
- Reds are low yielding, fruit driven wines, deep colour and fresh, med-high acidity

*IGP Tejo (known as Vinho Regional Ribatejano)
- warm maritime climate with all influences of river Tagus
- anual rainfall 500-600mm
- divided to three sub-regions
*Campo with alluvial soil
*Bairro infertile limestone-clay soil
*Charneca has sandy soil and produce best structured red and white wines of the region

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Southern Portugal IGP

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*IGP Peninsula de Setubal (known as Vinho Regional Terras do Sado)
- locatet south of Lisbon on the Atlantic coast
- There is two main sub-areas
- Hillside vineyards with limestone soil, anual rainfall 100-500mm
- Vineyards on plain with sandy soil
- Warm maritime climate with influence of Atlantic

*Alantejo DOC and Alantejo IGP
- both has continental with Mediterranean influence climate, low rainfalls and hot summers.
- there is eight subregions
- Typical red blend is made from Aragones, Trincadeira and Castela but recently is included Touriga Nacional, Alicante Boushcet and Syrah
- Arinto, Altao Vaz and Rouperio make intense honeyed white wines, with med-high acidity lifted with aromatic Arinto