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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Introducing to Italy
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- ancient Greek settlers in 800 BC introduce vine to Italy and named Italy "Oenotoria" (land of the vine)
- after collapsing of West Roman Empire in 476 AD, every modern Europian producing region except Bordeaux had been established. - Wine was precious object of trading and each state preserve its own varieties and traditions. - Hundreds of thousands of Italians emigratd for betther life abroad and spread its kitchen and wine tratition. - When government decide to subvention of co-ops result was fast increasing of wine production and consuption bud quality plummed until 1970, when situation was stabilised. |
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PDO Wines
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*PDO wines on Italian is DOP (Denominazione di Origine Protetta) and traditional terms covered by PDO is
*DOCG - Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita, this wines must have - all DOC requirements - bottled in the region of production - subject to a Ministry of Agriculture tasting - each bottle carry a numbered seal of approval *DOC - Denominazione di Origine Controllata, was first established at 1960 and its common to French AC, wines must have follow requirements - specifies the geographical area - permited grape varieties - minimum alcohol level - confirming production method including and minimum period of ageing. DOC and DOCG follow one of three models: *Locale - appellation derived from name of places (town Barolo or district Collio) *Grape + Locale - grape from place model (Brunello di Montalcino, Trebbiano d'Abruzzo) *Historical - Terms such Chianti and Valpolicella originate from Roman or Greek nomenclature. |
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PGI Wines
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*PGI is IGP Indicazione Geografica Protetta, covered
*IGP Indicazione Geografica Tipica - this clasification was established 1992 and is equivalent with French Vin de Pays. - IGP regulation premit more freedom, one of important is that permit using grape from a larger area which is a key factor when creating brands. |
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Other Labelling Therms
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* Classico - terms correspond to quality level of wine for large region where wines are original, better and hilly part of appellation.
*Riserva - implies better quality, more alcohol and longer ageing. Usual applied to wine of average quality when bottled in the following vintage. *Passito - producing wine from dried grape, The proces is significant differs from that used for botrytis sweet wines. - Only healthy grapes, both black or white - Early harvest to ensure high level of acidity - Dried by exposing grapes on sun lied on mats or racks in ventilated room called *Fruttaio from few weeks to six months, depending of climate and style. |
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Climate
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- Mediterranian
- Mediterane and Alpine influences - Variations between zones is more on altitude than latitude - vineyards is mostly positioned on hills - lack of rainfalls from March to September can cause drought and some vinegrowers have emrgency irrigation systems - Hail is a biggest threat especially in regions as Piedmont and Veneto. |
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Soils
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There are three grups od soils
* Marine - classic clay-over-limestone mix gives good effects as Burgundy * Volcanic - a few wine producing countries have so many volcanic sites * Alluvial - Clasic bench soils of Napa and Marlbrough are almoast non-existent in Italy, a few vineyards are planted on the horizontal. |
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Itroducing Grape Varieties
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- Drough resistant and prolonged ripening cycle
- Ancient varieties such as Aglianico, Greco, Sangiovese |
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Viticulture
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- high or low training become less relevant, most of growers using some variation of classic, two wire VSP includig both single or double replacement cane and single cordon.
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Vinification
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- Last twenty years have seen revolution in Italian winemaking, modernisation with stainless steel vats and temerature controling systems.
- Large casks from Slavonian oak are still used for some traditionaly DOCG wines in Tuscany, Piedmont and Campania, even hire new barriques and tonneaux (9hl,5hl) gaining ground. - Rottary ferments are use for more taninic wines - Maceration times are also shortening - Rarely using of Acidification or chaptalisation although they are permitted. |
