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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Metabotropic recs are typically coupled to what kind of protein?
What is another name to a metabotropic G-protein that is directly linked to an ion channel? |
G-proteins
membrane delimited metabotropic receptor |
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What do membrane delimited metabotropic receptors do (2)?
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1) Inhibit presyn Ca channels to decrease NT rls
OR 2) Open postsyn K channels to hyperpolarize the neuron |
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Name 4 types of drugs that interact directly with membrane delimited metabotropic receptors:
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Cocaine
Amphetamines Cholinesterase Inhibitors Antidepressants |
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What mental functions does ACH contribute to (5)?
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Cognition
Arousal Memory Attention Learning |
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Describe ACH's function in Alzheimer's
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Degenerated cholinergic pathways between the (Nuc Basalis + septum) and the (cerebral cortex + hippocampus)
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Describe ACH's function in dopamine reg
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There are cholinergic neurons in the corpus striatum that regulate DA.
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Describe ACH's function in Schizophrenia?
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We know there is a link to M4 recs
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What do M1 recs bind?
What is their function? Where are they found? |
1) bind ACH
2) Excitatory. Increase DAG. 3) Widely distributed |
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What do M2 recs bind?
What is their function? Where are they found (2)? |
1) Bind ACH
2) Inhibitory. Dec cAMP & inc K conductance 3) Hippocampus & cortex |
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Nic recs usually do what?
And are usually coupled to what? |
Excite
Na channels |
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Name three types of drugs that alter cholinergic fcn in the brain.
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1) Nicotine
2) Muscarinic rec agonists 3) Cholinesterase inhibs |
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NE is linked to depression how?
NE is linked to pain regulation how? NE excites via direct or indirect mechs? |
Low NE = depression
Via the descending noradrenergic pathway Both |
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NE recs. Excitatory or inhib?
a1: a2 (2): B1 & B2: |
a1: Excitatory. Inc DAG
a2: Inhibitory. Presyn via dec Ca influx and Postsyn via inc K conductance & dec cAMP B1 & B2: Excitatory. Inc cAMP & dec K |
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What role does DA play in Parkinson's (2)?
What role does DA play in Schizo? |
Dec mobility is the result of degeneration of nigro-striatal system and too little DA.
Overabundance of cortical DA |
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What role does DA play in addiction?
What occurs when they get their fix/drug of choice? |
Poorly functioning DA pathways from Ventral Tegmental Area to (Nuc acc & prefrontal cortex)
Their drug of choice makes this pathway work/feel better. |
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What do all DA recs have in common (2)?
D1: D2 is just like: |
Inhibitory. Metabotropic.
D1 is inhibitory, but increases cAMP somehow. Just like a2 recs: presyn = dec Ca influx and Postsyn = inc K and dec cAMP |
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List some drug types that affect DA (3)?
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Antipsychotics
Anti-Parkinson's Some antidepressants |
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Where are 5-HT/serotonin neurons usually found?
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From the raphe nuc to the (limbic sys & cerebral cortex)
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What role does 5-HT play in sleep?
Depression, schizophrenia? OCD? Temp, appetite, sleep, Neuroendocrine rls? |
Promotes sleep
Implicated in Low 5-HT is likely responsible regulates |
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5-HT recs
5-HT1A: (also, acts like?) 5-HT2A: (also, implicated in?) |
5-HT1A: inhib via inc K conductance. Acts like GABA
5-HT2A: Excitatory. Inc DAG. Implicated in Schizophrenia. |
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5-HT recs
5-HT3: (also, implicated in?) 5-HT4: |
5-HT3: excitatory. ionotropic. Implicated in nausea.
5-HT4: excitatory. dec K conductance. |
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GABA is best known as:
Is usually found: Increased GABA = Decreased GABA = |
A major inhibitory NT
in interneurons More GABA = less anxiety Less GABA = seizures |
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What does GABA have to do with IPSPs?
What gets converted to GABA? |
The speed of IPSPs (slow/fast) depends on which GABA rec is stimulated.
Glutamate |
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GABA-A recs
Result: Construction: Site of action for 3 B's: |
Ionotropic. rapid inhib.
5 subunit rec that increases Cl conductance *Site of action for barbituates, benzos, & booze* |
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GABA-B recs
Result (2): Located in: |
Inhibitory via G proteins that either dec Ca influx or increase K conductance. Cause decrease in mm spasticity.
spinal cord |
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What is glutamate in the CNS (2)?
What type of recs does it act on (2)? |
A (generally) excitatory AA NT and a precursor for GABA.
Ionotropic and metabotropic recs |
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Ionotropic glutamate recs
General: Three types: Which are divided by: |
Excitatory by increasing cation conductance
NMDA, AMPA, Kainic acid selective agonist |
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Ionotropic glutamate recs - NMDA
Alters which cations (3)? Contained in which CNS neurons? Requires what to fcn? |
N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
Inc Na, dec Ca, permeable to K In all CNS neurons Requires binding of glycine to fcn |
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Ionotropic glutamate recs - NMDA
What blocks these recs until depol? What also acts on these recs? |
Mg
Aspartate |
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Ionotropic glutamate recs - NMDA
Ke role in (2) via enhancement of (1): Implicated in (2): |
Memory & learning via enhancement of LT potentiation
Excess NMDA recs & glutamate may cause seizures & stroke neurotoxicity |
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Ionotropic glutamate recs - AMPA
Contained in which CNS neurons? |
a-amino-3-OH-5-methylisoxazole-4
Found in nearly all CNS neurons |
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Ionotropic glutamate recs- Kainic acid
Found in (3): |
hippocampus, cerebellum, & spinal cord
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Glycine
Action: Found in: Blocked by...causing: |
Inhibitory. Inc Cl conductance
Brainstem & spinal cord interneurons Strychnine |
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What do strychnine-insensitive glycine recs do?
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Regulate NMDA recs
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Which cannabinoid are we concerned what is it assoc with?
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delta9-THC
Memory, cognition, pain, & modulation of NT rls |
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What do NMDA recs have to do with NO?
What else does this? |
Activated NMDA recs stimulate NOS production, resulting in inc NO
Ca-calmodulin sys |
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Opiods & recs
Beta-endorphins assoc with: Enkephalins assoc with: Dynorphins assoc with: |
mu recs
delta recs kappa recs |
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How does capsaicin cause localized pain relief?
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Inhibits the rls of Substance P from neurons
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Name some other neuropeptides (6): [NY,N,S,VIP,TRH]
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Neuropeptide Y, Neurotensin, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, thyrotropin releasing hormone
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Which channels usually cause hyperpolarization?
Depolarization? |
Increased conduction of Cl-
Na |
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What is the DOC for mania?
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Lithium
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What are the gene changes are implicated in depression (2)?
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CREB1 on chromosome #2 and BDNF
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