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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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External coaptation |
Use of a rigid external device such as a bandage, splint, or cast to align fractures
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Second intention healing |
Healing of a wound by granulation tissue formation, epithelialization, and contraction
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Inflammatory phase |
The first phase of wound healing. Characterized by formation of a blood clot within the wound, release of growth factors, and recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils to clean up the wound and to modulate healing
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Proliferative phase |
The second phase of wound healing; characterized by invasion of fibroblast, formation of granulation tissue, deposition of collage, epithelialization across healthy granulation tissue, and wound contraction by myofibroblast
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Fibroblasts |
Cells that are recruited into a wound during the proliferative phase of wound healing that help form granulation tissue
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Extracellular matrix |
Meshwork-like sub attached to the outer cell surface that provides support and anchorage
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Granulation tissue |
Vascularized fibrous tissue that covers a full thickness skin wound if the wound is left to heal by second intention
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Reepithelialization |
Regrowth of epithelial cells over a wound
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Myofibroblasts |
Type of fibroblast with contractile properties similar to those of smooth muscle cells, which are responsible for wound contraction |
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Collagen |
Proteins that make up most of the skin, bone, cartilage, tendons, and other connective tissue |
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Epithelialization |
Process of wound coverage by epithelial cells during the final stage of the proliferative phase of wound healing
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Moist wound healing |
Maintaining a moist wound environment by using an occlusive or semi-occlusive primary bandage layer
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Maturation phase |
The third and final phase of wound healing. Duirng this phase, collagen fibers remodel and align, and there is a final gain in wound strength
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Isotonic |
Having the same osmolality as that of blood
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Primary intention wound healing |
Healing of a wound across a surgically closed incision
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Primary closure |
Surgical closure of a fresh, clean wound, leading to primary intention healing
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Secondary closure |
Wound that has formed healthy granulation tissue and is then closed by apposing the skin over the granulation tissue
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Third intention wound healing |
Healing of a wound that has already formed granulation tissue and undergone secondary closure
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Dead space |
Space bw tissues crated by a wound, allowing accumulation of fluid
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Hypertonic |
Having an osmolality higher that that of blood
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Abrasions |
An area of skin that has been superficially scraped, creating a wound
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Lacerations |
Sharp cut or tear through the skin and possibly deeper tissues
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Degloving injury |
Injury-typically to the distal limb-in which a large section of skin is torn off the underlying tissue in a glove-like fashion
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Debridement |
Removal of foreign matter and dead tissue from a wound
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What are the two types of wounds |
Purposeful(sx) Incidental (Trauma) |
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Why is it important to know when the wound occurred |
To determine the extent of the injury To determine how well the wound will progress |
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What are the four stages of wound healing |
Inflammation Debridement Repair Maturation |
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What occurs in the inflammation phase of wound healing |
Hemorrhaging-cleanses the wound Blood vessels constricts-controls bleeding Clotting-platelets and release of growth factor Clot dries and forms a scab-protects the wound |
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What occurs in the debridement phase |
White blood cells appear-neutrophils and monocytes |
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When does debridement phase occur |
6 hours after injury |
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When does the repair phase begin |
4-5 days after injury |
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What occurs in the repair phase |
Fibroblast appear-lay down collagen New blood vessels form Wound contraction begins Epithlialization occurs |
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What is granulation tissue composed of |
Collagen fibers |
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When does maturation begin |
3 weeks after injury |
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What occurs in the maturation phase |
Scar tissue becomes smaller, softer, and less noticeable |
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What are the four classifications of wounds |
Class I- clean wound Class II- Clean-Contaminated wound Class III- Contaminated wound Class IV- Dirty or infected wound |
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What would be a class I wound |
Surgical wound that is not infected after sx and the respiratory, alimentary, genital and urinary tracts of the body are not entered |
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What would be a class II wound |
Surgical wound where the respiratory, alimentary, genital or urinary tract are entered and without contamination occurring and there is no evidence of infection |
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What would be a class III wound |
Fresh, open wound before sx When there was a major break in sterile Surgical incisions that afterwards result in acute, but non-purulent, inflammation |
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What would be a Class IV wound |
Old traumatic wound with retained and devitalized tissue |
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What could affect wound healing |
Infection Old age Drugs Foreign materials Malnutrition Diseases Obesity |
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What is the primary goal of wound management |
To establish a healthy bed, free of necrotic or unhealthy tissue, foreign matter and infection |
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What are the different types of wound management |
Immediate wound care Wound lavage Wound debridement Wound closure |
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When cleaning a wound why should you avoid scrubbing a solution on the wound directly |
The solution is cytotoxic and can damage healthy cells |
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What is the purpose of wound lavage |
Removes debris, loose particles and tissue form wound |
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What is the purpose of wound debridement |
To remove all contaminated or necrotic tissue and foreign material form wound |
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What are the four types of wound closure |
Primary closure Delayed primary closure Second intention healing Secondary closure |
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What is primary closure also called |
First intention healing |
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What is secondary closure also called |
Third intention healing |
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What is delayed primary closure |
Closure of a wound within 1-3 days of injury, before granulation tissue appears |
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What wound indicate the need of delayed primary closure |
Moderately contaminated or traumatized wounds |
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What is second intention healing |
wound allowed to close without surgical closure |
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What is Third intention wound healing |
Allowing the wound to form a healthy bed of granulation tissue, which is then folded onto itself with closure of the skin |
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What are the two types of drain placement |
Passive drains Active drains |
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When should a drain be removed |
3-5 days |
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What is a passive drain |
Placed in areas where gravity can adi wound drainage |
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What is an active drain |
Attached to a suction devise |
