World War One

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4 causes of WWI were

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imperialism, militarism, nationalism and alliances

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european nations compete for colonies in

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africa, asia and the pacific

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once all desirable land had been taken, leaders could only expand by

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taking land by force

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_____ nations aggressively spend money on

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european, military buildup

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countries tend to act in their

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own interests

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austro-hungary and diverse ethnic population looking for

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their own country

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alliances helped in

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security

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central powers consisted of

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germany and austro-hungary

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allies consisted of

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russia, france and great britain

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this event started WWI

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the assassination of archduke francis ferdinand and his wife

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was the heir to the austro-hungarian thrown

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francis ferdinand

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serbian nationalist who believed bosnia should be part of serbia

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gavrillo princep

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assassination sparked

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nationalistic conflict in europe

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austro-hungary blamed serbia for the assassination so they demanded

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serbia stop supporting terrorism

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serbia did not respond to austro-hungarys request in two days so

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austro hungary declared war on serbia on june 28 1914

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______ mobilizes army to help serbia

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russia

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_______ insists that russia stop mobilizing troops

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germany

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_______ declared war on russia on august 4

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germany

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to steam roll over france and then attack russia was known as the

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schlieffen plan

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great britain declared war on germany after

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neutral belgium was invaded

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central powers later gain

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ottoman empire and bulgaria

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allies later gain

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italy, romania and japan

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weapons being shipped from neutral countries to countries fighting in war

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contraband

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wars later move into

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africa, middle east, and the caucus region

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british people promise

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arab people their independence if they revolt against the ottoman empire who had allied themselves with germany

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gas masks first used by

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germans

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tanks first used by

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british

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lenin signed treaty of brest litovsk

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ending russian involvement in WWI

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germany established a

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war zone around britain

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germany informed that any ships entering the war zone would

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be subject to attack by german u-boats

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march 1915

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u-boat sank british passenger ship, 1 american died

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may 1915

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germans sank lusitania

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in sinking of the lusitania

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128 americans died

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significance of the sinking of the lusitania

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americans were outraged

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wilson demanded that

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germany halt unrestricted submarine warfare

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sunk in august of 1915

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british passenger ship the arabic

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attacked in march of 1916

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french liner the sussex

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wilson demanded germany end attacks on passenger vessels or face

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america breaking off diplomatic relations

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sussex pledge issused by

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germans

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in the sussex pledge ..

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germany promised that merchant ships would be searched and sunk only if they contained contraband and then only after safe passage had been provided for the crew and passengers

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germany did not want america to

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enter the war on the allies side.

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german high command became convinced that they could

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break britain using a full policy of restricted submarine warfare

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april 6, 1917

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america declared war on germany

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french and america ground forces

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push german troops back in late summer

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central powers begin to disinegrate:

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1. german morale was low
2. german army and navy experienced mutinies in the fall of 1918
3.german citizens begin to riot, demanding food

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armistice was signed on

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november 11 at 11 am

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germans:

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1. retreat from alsace lorraine, belgium, france, luxembourg
2. surrender military equipment

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dominated the treaty of versailles

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big four

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european allies were determined to _____ wilson was more interested in

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punish germany, creating a lasting peace

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alsace lorraine was

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returned to fracne

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french had given up

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claims to saar basin and the rhineland

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germany was forbidden to

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maintain a military in the rhineland

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germany had to give up

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over seas colonies. they were to be administered initally by the league of nations members

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limited the size of the

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german army.

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german navy was to be

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turned over to allies

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area of east germany that was mainly inhabited by poles was to

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be turned over to poland

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war guilt clause:

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germany was to pay the full cost of the war

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war guilt clause fueled

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bitterness in germany which lead to WWII