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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Treaty of Versailles |
- Germany was forced t sign due to a blockade around their country and were blamed for the start up of war -Harsh terms (bitterness towards Germans) -Forced to pay war repairs to Britain, France, and Belgium Treaty Establishes a League of nations to solve disputes and prevent invasions but were not able to settle disputes in Europe |
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Conditions in Germany after WWI |
-Corrupt economy -Value of $ dropped - Government struggled with the economy as improved depression (worldwide) wiped out improvements (1929) |
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Rise of Hitler & Nazi Party |
- 1930's Hitler and Nazis copied strategy and techniques to persuade the Germans to lobby their cause - Attacked everything that went against their cause (treaty of Versailles, communism, and Jews Depression = blaming allies - Hitler provided work (to produce wartime materials) - Hitler wanted prosperity to return in Germany which many favored |
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The Policy of Appeasement |
Hitler wanted all Germany speaking territories or living space Austria became province of Germany Hitler in 1938 wanted Czechoslovakia to give up the Sudetenland (strip of land that separated part of Germany from rest British PM met to avoid crisis over territory (no one wanted to risk war Western leaders have been fooled in March 1939 Hitler invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia - Nazi-Solvate pack ( signed by Hitler and Stalin) to delay war and to gain territory Hitler used it to protect himself -Hitler now wanted Poland (western powers promised to protect Poland if Hitler attacked Germany attacked using "Blitzkrieg" They attacked from 3 directions at once in less than a month Germany defeated an army |
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War Begins |
September 1, 1939 Hitler invades Poland September 3, 1939 Britain and France Declare War on Germany - Canadas first time deciding on its own to go in war Canadian Uboat sank carrying 500 Canadians bringing Canada into war Sept 10 April 1940 Germany invades Denmark and Norway May 1940 Germany invades Belguim and Netherlands Bomb on Pearl Habour USA declares war on Japan December 7 1941 |
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Sitzkrieg |
End of Sept 1939-April 1940 was period of no war "phoney war" for 7 months all countries took time to build up their armies |
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Conscription |
- King didn't want conscription to tear apart country again - Beginning promised no one would be forced English were loyal to Britain and were not happy about decision -1940 National Resources Mobilization Act was introduced (limited conscription of men who were trained to defend in case of attack or invasion) it drew resistance especially amoungst French who wanted no part in war 1942 King held a vote 9 out of 10 provinces said Yes while Quebec said No- 72% this divided french and english again King promised not to put in conscription unless it was absolutely necessary 1944 put more pressure many causualties caused 16,000 soldiers to be sent rioting in Quebec city and Montreal Most French acknowledged that the king was doing his best not to instill conscription
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Axis Powers |
Germany (Hitler) Italy (Benito Mussolini) Japan (Hideki Tojo)
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Allies |
Britain (Chamberlain resigned 1940 - Winston Churchill) France (Charles de Gaulle - free part) Canada (King) USA (Roosevelt death - Truman) Poland, Norway, South Africa, Greece |
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Invasion |
Involves Germany, Belgium, and the Allies Hitler invaded France (GOAL WAS TO TAKE OVER THE WESTERN FRONT) France surrendered to Germany
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Miracle at Dunkirk |
- 1000's of British troops rushed across English channel to help French - wanted to rescue french and had a few navy ships to spare -May 27 - June 4 693 ships brought back 338,226 people ( 10 x then goal) - French 1.5 million were prisoners of war 390,000 lost their lives and only 35,000 Germans died
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Battle of Britain |
Operation sea lion (Hitlers plan to gain air superiority and claim Britain)
Luftwaffe (German air force) set out to destroy the royal air force Luckily Britain had Canada and other allied countries sending out pilots, radar personnel, replacement aircraft, and other supplies as quickly as possible Britain was loosing the battle and then Hitler made a strategic mistake Britain went offense Germany decided to aggressively "Blitz" for 57 consecutive nights with hopes of destroying London Britain resistance strengthened not weakened German air force failed to gain air superiority Germany lost 1700 planes Britain lost 900 planes |
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Pearl Harbour |
Japan Vs. US Japan faced shortage of natural resources wanted to create greater East Asia but the US navy in Hawaii was in their way Dec 7 1941 surprise military attack (air strike) 4 battle ships = sunk , rest were damaged, air crafts were destroyed 2000+ Americans died US declared war on Japan which caused Germany and Italy to declare war on the US Us entry in WWII played a significant part in the eventually allied victory |
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Battle of Dieppe |
Aug 19 1942 nearly 5000 Canadian soldiers 1000 British and some American and French soldiers key to victory was surprise The Germans had seen the enemy ships during the night which lost the element of surprise Some allied ships had also gone off course and arrived late Canadians found themselves on beach heavily surrounded with cannons barbed wire, tanks, traps and mines Many landing crafts were blown out of the water Few soldiers ever reached the town |
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D-Day
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The Fake Invasion To fake out Germans they decided to make Germans think there would be an attack in Pas de Calais so they made inflatable war machines (looked real from planes) and planted stories and and documents with known German supplies General Patton was in charge plan worked better than expected |
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The Invasion (d-day) |
2000 bombers bombed German defenses sailed under the cover of darkness Juno beach Canadians met serve German opposition captured and many towns advanced inland which secured a stronghold for the allies 340 Canadians killed , 574 were wounded and 47 were captured 450 Canadians landed behind German coastal defenses. Got German headquarters, destroyed a key bridge and seized a crossroads |
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Battle of Scheldt |
Germans controlled the mouth of the Scheldt river (near border between Belgium and Norway) First Canadian army was given the task to clear them out ended with Canadian victory in late November 1944 6400 Canadian casualities it cleared way for the final allied advance into Germany |
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The Holocaust |
Dictatorship of Hitler Wanness conference (was a meeting of senior officials of Nazi Germany in Berlin Jan 20 1942)
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Nuremberg law |
made it worse for Jewish population in 1935 Jews could no longer.... - Attend University - Teach in any school or university -Marry someone who was not of Jewish faith - Hold a government job (civil service) - Be an author of a book - Be a lawyer or a doctor - Vote or hold public office |
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Four stages of the Holocaust (1) |
1) Hitler rises to power (convinces the average German it was the Jews fault for economic state) |
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(2) |
Ghettos ( Gathered Jews and forced them to live in slum area)
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(3) |
concentration camps (Jews were starting to be sent to concentration camps as well as political prisoners. They were in small area with inadequate facilities sometimes forced labor to await mass murder |
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4) |
Death camps Jews and prisoners were sent to there death by gas chambers then burned |
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Germany Surrenders |
-Canadian forces freed the Netherlands and marched into north Germany -Allies came together and attacked from different direction on Berlin -Hitler committed suicide April 30 as Soviet forces entered the city - On May 5 ceasefire was declared May 7 1945 German forces surrendered unconditionally -Allied leaders declared May 8 VE day (Victory in Europe Day) |
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Atomic Bomb |
Aug 6 1945 a lone American bomber flew over Hiroshima and plane dropped the bomb called little boy which exploded and killed 70,000 civilians instantly and thousands more later defective children still being born today due to radiation "Us demanded surrender 3 days late "Fat Man" was dropped in Nagasaki 80,000 people were killed Japan surrendered unconditionally on Aug 15 1945 WWII was officially ended |
