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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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militarism
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glorification of the military
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entente
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nonbinding agreement to follow common policies
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ultimatum
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final set of demands
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mobilize
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prepare military forces for war
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neutrality
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policy of supporting neither side in a war
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propaganda
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spreading of ideas to promote a certain cause or to damage an opposing cause
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atrocity
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brutal act committed against innocent people
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armistice
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an agreement to end fighting in a war
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reparations
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payment for war damages or damages caused by imprisonment
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mandate
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after WWI, a territory that was administered by a western power
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What efforts were made towards peace in the early 1900s?
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Modern Olympics
women's sufferage (right to vote) promotion of pacifism (opposition to war) by league for peace and freedom first universal peace conference |
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How did nationalism and international rivalism push Europe towards war?
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strong nationalist feelings in Germany and France. Germans were proud of military power; France wanted to regain its leading position in Europe,
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What is Pan-Slavism
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a powerful form of nationalism; all Slavic peoples shared a common nationality
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What economic rivalries existed?
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Britain felt threatened by Germany's rapid economic growth. Germany's factories were outperforming Britains' old ones. Britain had economic reasons to oppose Germany; Germany didn't think they were respected,
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How did imperialism impact the rivalries?
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competition for colonies brought France and Germany to the brink of war, especially over colonies in Africa
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What were the strongest alliances?
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the first was the Central Powers - Germany, Austria and Hungary.
The second was the Allies - France, Britain and Russia |
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What led to WWI?
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The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
Austria's ultimatum to Serbia to end all anti-Austrian plots, which was partially refused German support of Austria against Serbia and Serbia's help from Russia Schlieffen plan (German) to attack France by going through Belgium, which was a British ally |
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Why was Archduke Ferdinand assassinated?
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He visited Sarajevo, which was under Austrian rule, but which also had many Serbians living there. The Serbs saw the Austrians as oppressors and saw this as a chance to break free.
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What was the impact of modern weapons in WWI?
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huge numbers of deaths; also prevented either side from gaining an advantage. Poison, tanks, aircraft and submarines all were used. Submarines were important because they helped bring the US into the war
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Why did a stalemate develop on the Western front?
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Huge numbers of soldiers developed a system of trenches, with underground networks and a no-man's land in between; getting to the enemy required huge losses in life
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What was the economic impact of the war?
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countries introduced conscription, or the draft, which required all young men to serve
governments raised taxes to pay and also borrowed a lot of money food and other products were rationed strikes were forbidden |
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What was the propaganda war?
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a means of controlling public opinion. the press was censored (controlled)
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What was the role of women in the war?
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Women took over the jobs that men left when they became soldiers and kept the countries going
Nurses served in military zones. After the war, most women went back to their homes, but the fact that they had been able to do the jobs laid the groundwork for them to get the vote. |
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Why did the US get involved in WWI?
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German submarines attacked ships carrying American passengers
They sympathized with Britain and France The Zimmerman note, asking Mexico for help, promised that Germany would help Mexico regain part of the US territory after the war, made many Americans angry. |
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What is self-determinism?
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The right of people to choose their own form of government. Supported by Woodrow Wilson
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What impact did wartime failures have on Russia?
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War was very hard on Russia; food was in short supply. The generals in charge were considered incompetent and corrupt. This led to a revolution that removed the czar. But Lenin, the new leader, signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and withdrew from the war.
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What were the costs of war?
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Industry destroyed in many countries
Huge national debts from the fighting and rebuilding political turmoil across the world |
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Who created the League of Nations?
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Woodrow Wilson
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What did the Treaty of Versailles say?
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Germany had to assume full blame for causing the war
It had to make reparations The size of Germany was reduced |
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Why were people dissatisfied with the Treaty of Versailles?
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The Allies created mandates - territories they would rule
Italy was unhappy because it didn't get the territory it was promised Japan was angry that the Allies didn't recognize its claims in China Russia resented the reestablishment of Poland |
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What were the long term effects of WWI?
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economic impact of war debts on Europe
emergence of US and Japan as important powers Growth of nationalism in colonies Rise of fascism WWII |
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What were the immediate effects of WWI?
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enormous cost in lives and money
Led to Russian revolution Creation of new nations in eastern europe german reparations german loss of overseas colonies Balfour Declarations League of Nations formed |
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What were the Balfour Declarations?
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Britain supported the idea of a national home for Jewish people.
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