World War 1

Front 1

14 points

Back 1

President Wilson's plan for W.W. 1 peace treaty. Wanted to prevent future conflicts. Maor point was League of Nations.

Front 2

Alliance System

Back 2

Secret agreements between countries to defend one another in the event of an attack. The Alliance System is what caused a global conflict as country after country entered the war due to agreeements previously made

Front 3

Allied Powers (Triple Entente)

Back 3

Alliance system including Russia, Serbia, Britain, France, and the United States (1917)

Front 4

Bolshevik

Back 4

Group led by N. Lenin. Overthrew Russian Czar in Nov. 1917. Later changed their name to Communist

Front 5

Central Powers (Triple Alliance)

Back 5

Alliance system including Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire

Front 6

communism

Back 6

system in which government controls all economic activity. Private property and businesses are outlawed. Often deny its citizens human rights.

Front 7

Czar Nicholas

Back 7

Last King of Russia. Overthrown in Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. He and entire family (including Anastasia) eventually killed.

Front 8

doughboys

Back 8

Name given to American soldiers who fought in Europe during W.W. 1.

Front 9

Foreign Policy

Back 9

the diplomatic policy of a country in its relations with other nations. Examples: isolationism/imperialism/interventionism

Front 10

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Back 10

Archduke and heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary. Assassinated in Sarajevo (1914) by a Serbian Nationalist. Immediate cause of W.W. 1.

Front 11

Henry Cabot Lodge

Back 11

U.S. Senator who led opposition to U.S. ratification of Treaty of Versailles (1919) because it called for U.S. participation in League of Nations.

Front 12

Imperialism

Back 12

Policy of acquiring foreign territories, or gaining economic control over them. The rivalry for colonies, especially in Africa, was one of the causes of World War 1.

Front 13

isolationism

Back 13

noninvolvement in foreign entanglements or organizations. U.S. goes back to this foreign policy after W.W. 1

Front 14

John Pershing

Back 14

"Blackjack". Commander of American Expeditionary Force (AEF) in Europe during W.W. 1

Front 15

Kaiser Wilhelm II

Back 15

King of Germany during W.W. 1

Front 16

League of Nations

Back 16

Proposed following W.W. 1. Organization consisting of nations of World. Join together to insure peace and stability. One of Wilson's 14 Points.

Front 17

Lusitania

Back 17

British oceanliner that was torpedoed by German U-boats on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans killed. Secretly carrying weapons from U.S. to Britain. Led the Americans to declare war on Germany

Front 18

Militarism

Back 18

Strengthening a country's armed forces: training more soldiers, acquiring more weapons. Created competition and suspicion among European countries leading to WWI.

Front 19

militarism

Back 19

Aggressive spirit by a country. Policy of building up strong armed forces to prepare for war. One of the causes of W.W. 1

Front 20

mobilize

Back 20

To put your army in movement to prepare for war

Front 21

Nationalism

Back 21

loyalty to one's nation and support of its interests and policies. Extreme feelings by different European groups and nations was one of the causes of W.W. 1

Front 22

Nationalism

Back 22

Extreme feelings of pride and devotion to your group of people, or nation. The desire to create a Greater Serbia, uniting Serbs living in Austria-Hungary with Serbia was an example of nationalism.

Front 23

neutrality

Back 23

policy of taking no sides in a war between other nations

Front 24

propaganda

Back 24

spreading of ideas that benefit a cause or nation or damaage an opposing one. Used by both sides during W.W. 1.

Front 25

reparations

Back 25

payments to a victorious nation by a losing nation to cover war damages and deaths. Germany forced to pay following W.W. 1

Front 26

self-determination

Back 26

right of people with a common culture or nationality to form an independent nation

Front 27

stalemate

Back 27

when neither side can win. Happened during W.W. 1 due to the trenches

Front 28

Treaty of Versailles

Back 28

Treaty which ends W.W. 1 Included League of Nations. U.S. Senate never ratifies or approves the treaty

Front 29

trench warfare

Back 29

long ditch in the ground where soldiers lived during WW 1. Involved attacks and counterattacks from below ground fortifications across "No Man's land"

Front 30

Vladimir Lenin

Back 30

Led Bolshevik (communist) revolution in Russia, 1917. Following this, Russia pulled out of the War

Front 31

Woodrow Wilson

Back 31

Pres. of U.S. 1913-1921. At first kept U.S. out of W.W. 1, but eventually asked Congress to declare war in 1917. Came up with 14 Points and League of Nations.

Front 32

Zimmerman Telegram

Back 32

Message from Germany to Mexico intercepted in January 1917. Germany promised Mexico Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas if they helped the Germans fight the U.S. upon American entry into the war. Finally led Congress to declare war on Germany in April 1917.

Front 33

"Food for Vistory"

Back 33

farmers grew more food
americans ate less; Grew victory gardens
save food for men in military

Front 34

Factories produce War goods

Back 34

Under direction of government, factories now produce war materials

told what to produce and how change

sold supplies to Gov't to fight war

Front 35

women

Back 35

women join for the in the Armed forces

women replace men in workforce, even factories

(later helps women get the vote)

Front 36

Russian revolution

Back 36

In Nov.,1917, bolsheviks (communist) sieze power in Russia

led by Vladimir Lenin.Russia pulls out of the war.

Sign treaty of Brest-litovsk w/germany

separate peace treaty

Russia loses lots/setbacks for allies

Front 37

peace Offensive"

Back 37

Mar.1918, Germans launch major offensive. End war before arrival of Americans

however, U.S arrives in record numbers

led by John J. pershing

begin to push the german army back and go on the offensive

Front 38

End of war

Back 38

By Nov.,1918,German army in full retreat

Germany in turmoil; Kaiser flees.

Armistace takes place 11th hour, 11th day,11th month , 1918

total 10-12 million killed/50,000 americans

Front 39

protecting allied shipping

Back 39

To protect allied shipping across the Atlantic ocean., develop a convoy system

-Merchant ships escorted by destroyers

-Cuts down down on # of losses due to U-boats in half

Front 40

"Over There"

Back 40

American troops arrive in Europe