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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do governments meet the needs of the people?
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1. encouraging trade & economic growth
2. protecting individual liberties 3. providing security & order |
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What type of government believes that its kings are gods?
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theocracy
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In a theocracy what is the purpose of a code of law?
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To guide people toward moral behavior.
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If the supernatural gives authority to government, where does its authority come from?
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gods/heaven
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What type of governments chooses its leaders by birth/heredity?
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monarchy, feudalism
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What are similarities between a traditional theocracy & monarchy?
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1. controlled by an individual
2. use codes of law 3. Supernatural source of power |
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What contributions to justice has the Shari'a/Islamic law codes made?
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1. use of witnesses.
2. taking oaths of the truth 3. determining plaintiffs & defendants |
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What is the purpose of a code of law (like the Shari'a) in a theocracy?
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to provide a guide for moral behavior
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What were the significant characteristics of Hammurabi's Code?
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1. It punished actions, not motive
2. It ended disagreements between laws. 3. It provided a written record of justice. |
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According to Machiavelli, what type of leadership style should kings/monarchs have?
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They should use what ever means necessary to reach a goal.
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What are the characteristics of aristocratic governments?
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1. Wealthy landowners (nobles) have the most power.
2. Military training is important. 3. Society is hierarchical. |
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What do monarchies and aristocracies have in common?
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They have kings/monarchs at the top of their hierarchies.
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In an aristocracy, how are legal disputes settled & justice maintained?
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Through competition, demonstrations of strength, and trial by combat.
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What is the main difference between oligarchy & aristocracy?
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Oligarchies do not have nobles or kings & aristocracies do.
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Why was the 10 Commandments an important legal document?
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It combined religious and legal crimes in one document.
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What was the purpose of the Great Sanhedrin (Jewish court system)?
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It questioned witnesses and voted on legal decisions.
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How did Athenian leaders (Solon, Pericles, etc.) make Athens more democratic?
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They made it easier for the middle class & poor to participate in government.
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In a direct democracy, what government body should the citizens have the most direct control over?
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assembly
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What were qualifications for citizenship in ancient Greece (Athens & Sparta)?
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1. age
2. gender (male) 3. wealth 4. native-born |
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How did Athens's democratic government prove to be a weakness against Sparta during the Peloponnesian War?
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It did not trust the judgment of generals or leaders who had to make difficult decisions.
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What was the purpose of education in Athens & Sparta?
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Athens: preparation for the government
Sparta: preparation for the military |
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What is the significance of a tribunal in settling disputes?
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1. It allowed neutral, third parties to make decisions
2. It provided a way to discourage retailiation as a form of justice. 3. It showed that people on trial must respect the decisions of their peers. |
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What was unique about the constitutions of both Athens & Sparta?
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They divided power into different branches of government.
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What is the difference between a direct democracy & a republic/representative democracy?
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In a republic/rep. democracy, people elect officials to make laws for them.
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What influence did classical (Greek & Roman) civilization have on Western culture?
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1. opportunity for citizens to participate in government.
2. equal treatment under the law. 3. Influence of art & architectural styles. |
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In the Roman Republic, which position in government was designed to protect the rights of plebeians?
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tribune
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In the Roman Republic, which class of people had more political opportunities than the others?
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patricians
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What parts of the Roman Republic resembled a democracy, aristocracy, and monarchy?
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Democratic-assembly
Aristocracy-Senate Monarchy-dictator |
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What purpose did the Twelve Tables serve?
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It established that all free citizens had the right to protection under the law.
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What was the purpose of the formula system?
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To clarify a case so more people could understand its relationship to the law.
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In what type of government are leaders "chosen" by birth?
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monarchy
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According to the Mandate of Heaven, what could the Chinese people expect to receive from their ruler in return for loyalty and obedience?
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compassion
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What type of government is formed by a small group of citizens that all share specific characteristics?
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oligarchy
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What were the causes of feudalism?
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-People needed stability in an unstable world.
-Offered protection from foreign invaders -The king needed someone to work and protect the land. |
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Why were codes of law such as Hammurabi's Code & the Twelve Tables important?
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they created written codes of law
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