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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fascism
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a militant political movement that emphasize loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader
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Fascist
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supports fascism and promotes an extreme form of nationalism and militarism
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Nation
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a group of people from the same region who share a common history, culture and language
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Militarism
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the policy of glorifying military power and keeping an army prepared for war
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Triple Alliance
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an alliance between Germany, Italy and Austria-Hungary, Ottoman empire, and Italy (left the alliance before the war)
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Triple Entente
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an alliance with Britain, France and Russia
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Western front
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deadlocked region in Northern France- stretched from the balkans in the north to switzerland in the south
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Eastern Front
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the battlefield along the German and Russian border
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Who fought against who in the Western front?
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German and the French
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Who fought in the Eastern front?
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Russians and Serbs fought the Germans and Austro-Hungarians.
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Time period of World War I
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1914-1918
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What year did America joined WW I?
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1917
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Time period of World War II
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1939-1945
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Total war
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countries devoted all their resources/materials to the war effort
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Who were affected by total war?
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all able bodied men are drafted into the war effort and women and children are sent to the factories to make products
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Which countries were affected by total war?
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Britain, Germany, Austria, Russia, and France
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Armistice
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an agreement to stop fighting
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How did World War I end?
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by 1917, Russia withdraw
America joined the war and provided fresh troops for a counterattack the German army were exhausted and weakened Revolutions swept through Austria-hungary On November 9, 1918, Kaiser Wilhelm II stepped down |
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Fourteen Points
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proposed by President Wilson and it is an outlined plan for achieving a just and lasting peace (never achieved)
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Treaty of Versailles
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a treaty between Germany and the Allied forces was signed on 1919 which adopted Wilson’s 14th point and created a league of nations
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Purpose of the Treaty of Versailles
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punished and blamed the war on Germany (lost territorial rights, restricted their military operations and war guilt)
arguably a possible reason why Hitler started WW II |
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League of Nations
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an international association whose goal would be to keep peace among nations
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Benito Mussolini
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leader of the Fascist party from 1922-1943
abolished democracy used threats and violence to gain power 'legally' promised to revive the economy and rebuild its armed forces didn't have total control achieved by Hitler or Stalin |
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Adolf Hitler
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leader, chancellor and fuhrer of the Nazi party from 1933-1945
fought in world war I and awarded twice with the iron cross for his bravery called the Treaty of Versailles an outrage and vowed to regain German lands turned Germany into a totalitarian state |
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Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
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Hitler wrote this book while in jail and it states his beliefs and goals for Germany
Aryans (blue eyed and blonde hair) are superior Non Aryan (Jews, Slavs and Gypsies) are inferior |
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Lebensraum
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Hitler believes that Germany was overcrowded and needed more lebensraum, or living space. He promised to get that space by conquering eastern Europe and Russia.
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Nazism
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a German brand of fascism
ste up a private militia called storm troopers (brown shirts) under Hitler's leadership Hitler became der Fuhrer of the Nazi political party in 1921 |
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Hitler's coup d'état
(Beer Hall Putsch) |
Hitler and the Nazis tried to gain power in Munich in 1923 but failed. He was accused with treason and was sentenced to 5 years but only served 9 months in prison
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SS
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an elite, uniformed unit that arrested and murdered hundreds of Hitler's enemies during 1934
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Hitler and the economy
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banned strikes and gave the government authority over business and labor
put Germans and constructed factories, built highways, manufactured weapons, and served in the military number of unemployment dropped from 6 to 1.5 million in 1936 |
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Anti-semitism
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a key part of the Nazi ideology
it is prejudice, hatred of, discrimination against the Jews 1933- passed laws depriving Jews of their basic rights |
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What happened during the Night of the Broken Glass?(Kristallnacht)
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On November 9, 1938, Nazi mobs attacked Jewish owned building, home and on the streets
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How did Hitler maintain power?
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use of propaganda (radio, books, films)
kids had to join the Hitler Youth or the League of German Girls Terror brought by the SS constant murders made the Germans into total obedience improved the economy and lowers the rate of unemployment having control of the parliament (his only Nazi party) by being Chancellor |
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What was Japan's reformation during 1929-30?
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Military leaders gained control, restored traditional control of the government to the military
kept Emperor Hirohito as a head of state Japan's militarists were extreme nationalists Solve the economic problem through foreign expansion |
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Why and when did Japan Invades Manchuria?
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In 1931. In order to provide Japan with raw materials, markets for its goods and room for the rising population
Manchuria's land was rich in iron and coal Japanese army seized Manchuria despite objections from the government and installed a puppet government Workers arrives to build mines and factories |
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What did the League of Nations did to stop Japan?
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NOTHING. During the 1930s, Japan ignored the protests made by the LoN and withdrew from the League in 1933
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What happened when Japan invades China? (1937)
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China's arm were defeated by a better equipped, trained, had better weapons Japanese army
Japan took over the capital, Nanjing in 1937 Japanese troops killed tens of thousands captured soldiers and civillians |
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What did Hitler do to defy the Versailles Treaty?
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In March 1935, he defied the treaty that limited the size of German's army
In 1936, Germany occupies Rhineland despite the treaty |
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Rhineland
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a buffer state between Germany and France and an important industrial area where coal are manufactured
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What did the Allies do in responds to Germany?
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the French were unwilling to risk war
the British urged appeasement- giving in to an aggressor to keep peace |
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What was Hitler's goal in occupying the Rhineland?
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To strengthened his power and prestige within Germany
Changed of the balance of power (could attack France and Belgium) |
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Axis powers
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In October 1936, Mussolini and Hitler made an agreement and later on Germany made an agreement with Japan.
Germany, Italy, and Japan came to be called the Axis Powers |
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Isolationism
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a belief that political ties to other countries should be avoided (many Americans supported this belief)
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Third Reich
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On November, 1927, Hitler wants to absorb Austria and Czechoslovakia into the third reich or German Empire despite being prohibited of creating a union between Austria and Germany
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When did Germany annex Austria?
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In March 1938. France and Britain ignored to protect Austrian independence
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Sudetenland
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German- speaking people living in the western border of Czechoslovakia = Czechs' main defense against Germany
These people wanted to join into Germany |
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Munich conference
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a meeting of Germany, France, Britain and Italy in Munich on September 29, 1928
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What did the British prime minister Neville Chamberlain proposed?
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he believed that he could preserve peace by giving in to Hitler's demand. Britain and France agreed that Hitler could take the Sudetenland. Hitler demands to Danzig from Poland but Poland refused
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Why did the Nazis and Soviets sign the Nonaggression Pact on August 23, 1939?
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Stalin and Hitler (Fascist Germany and Communist Russia) pledged to never attack one another
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