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49 Cards in this Set

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What is crop rotation?
Planting different crops in the same fields each year to help enrich the soil. different crops help add nutrients. (Agricultural Revolution)
What is cottage industries?
Families doing the work at home, because they only needed a few workers. An example of this was spinning their wool at home. (Agricultural Revolution)
Who developed the Seed Drill?
Jethro Tull in 1701. (Agricultural Revolution)
What is a seed drill?
A seed Drill places seeds in rows across a plot of land. (Agricultural Revolution)
Who developed the Threshing Machine?
Andrew Meikle in 1786. (Agricultural Revolution)
What is a Threshing Machine?
It separates the wheat from the husks and stalks quickly. (Agricultural Revolution)
Who invented the Cotton Gin?
Eli Whitney in 1793. (Agricultural Revolution)
What is a Cotton Gin?
It processed cotton. It enabled one worker to process 50 pounds of cotton per day. (Agricultural Revolution)
Who invented the Reaping Machine?
Cyrus McCormick in 1831. (Agricultural Revolution)
What is a Reaping Machine?
It enables farmers to cut wheat much more quickly. More acres could be harvested in less time. (Agricultural Revolution)
Who invented the Steam Tractor?
John Fowler during the 1850's and 1860's. (Agricultural Revolution)
What is the Steam Tractor?
Uses a steam engine to plow fields and dig drainage channels. It lowered the cost of plowing fields. Replaced horses and oxen. Lowering costs. (Agricultural Revolution)
What is the Industrial Revolution?
The period where changes in manufacturing were so great. It began in Great Britain.
What is the Agricultural Revolution?
Farmers developed different methods in farming that resulted in increased food production.
What was a factory?
The development of larger weaving machines led industry to migrate from cottages and shops to large buildings. These were call factories. (Industrial Revolution).
Who increased the efficiency of the steam engine?
Jame Watt in the 1760's. He made important improvements in the design that greatly increased its efficiency. (Industrial Revolution)
What did steam engines replace?
They powered machines had been driven by water or animals. Helped to pull heavy loads. Even used in some early automobiles. (Industrial Revolution)
Who invented the flying shuttle?
John Kay in 1733. (Industrial Revolution)
What was the flying shuttle?
A small device, that when added to a weaving machine, this part enabled workers to weave the strands of cotton into cloth much more rapidly. This created a growing demand for spools of thread. (Industrial Revolution)
Who invented the spinning jenny?
James Hargreaves in 1764. (Industrial Revolution)
What is the spinning jenny?
This machine quickly spun many strands of cotton into thread. (Industrial Revolution)
What is an entrepreneur?
Men who develop businesses and sell their inventions. French word referring to one who undertakes between two different parties.
Who was one of the most famous entrepreneur's during the industrial age?
Richard Arkwright.
How did he get the government to protect inventions so that they could not be copied?
Through the use of PATENTS. A patent prevents others from making a similar device (for profit) for several years.
What contributed to the large growth in the British population between 1750 and 1800?
Because of the increased food supply (Agricultural Revolution inventions) families were able to provide for more children, who were needed to work on the farm.
Why did landowners enclose their land?
To increase productivity. By closing their land to livestock grazing, it prevented common use. They could use it for private benefit.
How did Andrew Meikle's invention lead to increased wheat production?
His machine enabled a few men to to separate the wheat from the stalks quickly. (Agricultural Revolution)
What role did the steam engine play in the Industrial Revolution?
It increased the efficiency of machines that were previously powered by animals or water.
Why did industry transition from cottages to factories?
Development. More demand for supplies.
What was the 1833 Act?
It placed limits on child labor.
What was the mine act?
It barred women and boys under the age of ten from working the mines.
What was the Ten Hour Bill?
It restricted women and children to working a ten-hour day in any British Industry.
Who was John Wesley?
He became on of the greatest preachers in Britain during the Religious Transformation period. He traveled preaching sermons (around 42,000). He supported many reforms including improved prison conditions and better working conditions.
Who was George Whitefield?
An influential preacher. He preached in Britain, Whales, and the American Colonies. He preached to the masses outdoors. Crime rates dropped because so many people came to Christ as a result of his preaching.
What problems were created by a lack of adequate housing in the cities during the industrial revolution?
Multiple level tenement buildings were build to house many families. Water supplies were often bad. Roads were congested. The air was polluted. Everything grew too quickly.
What were two positive results for society brought about by the Industrial Revolution?
In the long-term there was an increase in wealth for everyone. The middle class dramatically increased. Wages slowly increased to the point that parents could support their families.
What were the negative effects on society in the beginning of the industrial revolution?
Crowded cities, children working in factories, no labor laws, diseases spread quickly.
Who could afford most of the goods produced in the factories?
Clothing, shoes, and various household items were now available at prices that most people could afford. People could more easily move up from lower class to middle class within two generations.
How did spiritual conversion bring about the greatest changes in British society?
Many peoples lives were transformed by coming to Christ. Crime rates decreased. There was hope.
Which English preacher played a key role in the Great Awakening in the American colonies?
George Whitefield.
Who wrote "Amazing Grace"?
John Newton (a former slave ship captain).
Who was the first known religious group to combat slavery?
the Quakers
Who was William Wilberforce?
He first won election to a seat in parliament in 1780. He was a Christian who worked to improve conditions for his people. He LED THE EFFORT TO ABOLISH SLAVERY IN BRITAIN.
Who formed the Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade in 1787?
Quakers and Anglicans united their efforts. Wilberforce supported their committee and eventually joined.
Who were two of the most famous American abolitionists?
William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglas
When did slavery become a profitable industry in Europe?
During the Age of Exploration
What invention led to an increased demand for slave labor in America?
the Cotton Gin
What island population successfully revolted against French control?
Haiti (the Haitians)
What does abolition mean?
Ending. Getting rid of. The abolition of slavery worked to get rid of slavery.