World Religions Final

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Ahura Mazda

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Literally Wise Lord, Supreme God and originator of all good, Zoroastrianism

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Amesha Spentas or Beneficient Immortals

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Servant angels who assist Ahura Mazda in the battle against evil alternatively they are sometimes seen as aspects of Ahura Mazda

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angra mainyu

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literally destructive spirit. the evil rival of Ahura mafa in later Pahlavi Texts

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asha

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literally the truth. the good moral principle in opposition to the druj (the lie)

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Avesta

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Literally Basic Text. The oldest and most sacred collection of Zoro scriptures, written in Avestan language

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Chinvat Bridge

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Literally Separator Bridge. Bridge by which people enter heaven, it spans the abyss of hell below

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Daveas

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Literally Heavenly beings. in arly aryan religion, evil devils, demons in zoroastrianism

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Druj

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The Lie. evil spirit or spirits that wage war against Ahura Mazda and are opposed to truth.

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Magi

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Zoroastrian priests, or perhaps cult leaders who claimed to be descemndants of Zarathushtras first Converts.

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Pahlavi

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An early written form of the persian language in which later Zoro scriptures were written

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Saoshyant

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literally savior. Final descendent of Zarathushtra nad the spiritual leader who will usher in the final judgement

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Spenta Mainyu

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Beneficient Spirit. the good son of Ahura Mazda in the Avesta or perhaps a synonym for Ahura Mazda

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Zurvan

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Literally Time. supre God of the Zurvan sect who is the father of Ahura and Angra.

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Amoraim

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Rabbinic sages from 200-500 CE whose comments on the Mishnah are in the Talmud

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Deuteronomistic History

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the historical sequence of books in the Tanakh from Deuteronomy through Chronicles, connected in terms of authorship and theology.

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Elohim

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Hebrew for God

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Israelite

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people of israel until the return from Babylonian exile

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Jew

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Descendants of the Israelites from the return from the Babylonian exile to the present. Jew is from the Hebrew jehudi, meaning a descendant of Jacob's son Judah.

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Judea

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the name for the land of the Jews from the post-exilic period to the early Roman period

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Kabbala

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Literaly Tradition. the largest school of Jewish mysticism from the 12th century to the Present

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Midrash

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a verse by verse style of commentary on the Tanakh, espectially used by early rabbis

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Mishnah

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The written expression of the oral law compiled in 200 CE by Rabi Judahha-Nasi

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Saboraim

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Rabbinic sages from 500-700 whose comments on the Mischnah were added to those of the Amoraim in the Talmud

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Sefirot

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the Ten emanations of God, as described in early Kabbalist theology

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Talmud

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an extensive collection of commentaries on the Mishnah compiled from the sayins of Tabbis from 200-500ce

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Tanakh

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The Hebrew Bible. The term comes from the initials of its three divisions, Torah (law), Neviim (prophets), Ketuvim (writings)

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Tannaim

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Rabbinic sages of hte 1st two centuries whose sayins are compiled in the Mishnah

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Torah

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Hebrew for Law, teaching or instruction. iN the broad sense refers to the law of moses both written and oral. inthe narrow sense refers to the first five books of the tanakh, traditionally called the books of moses

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Yahweh

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The personal name of God

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Caliph

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Successor. The political successors to Muhammad according to the Sunni Tradition

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Companions

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Sahaba. Muhammads closest followers during his life for assumed leadership roles after his death.

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Hadith.

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Speech. Sacred collections of short narratives about Muhammad which are though to have originated with his early companions.

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Imam

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He who stands before. Spiritual leaders of hte Shi'a tradition beginning with Ali and continuing through a line of his descendants

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Ka'Bah

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Cube. building in open-air mosque of Mecca. Central Shrine of Islam

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Quran

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to recite. Islams most holy text. consists of Muhammads collected revelations

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Mahdi

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The Guided One. final and awaited Imam in Shi'a Tradition who will establish an era of peace

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Shi'a

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Separate Party. branch of Islam comprising 10 percent. members honor the spiritual leadership of Ali and other Imams

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Sufi

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Literally Wool Clad. practitioners of Sufism, islam's mystical tradition which emphasizes the mystical union of the believer with God

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Sunni

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From arabic sunnah. meaning custom. Branch of islam 90%. members accept the leadership role of the Caliphate

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Twelver

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Followers of the Twelve Imams. Division of Shi'a. 80%. acknowledge 12 specific imams.