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86 Cards in this Set
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abbesses |
1) Powerful nuns who oversaw the lands owned bytheir communities; they played a significant role in the feudal landholdingsystem. |
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anchoritic monasticism |
The form of monasticism practiced by the “desertfathers and mothers” who withdrew from society. Anchorites= hermits |
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Anselm |
11th century archbishop of Canterburywho moved away from the prinical of scriptural authority. His most notablecontribution was the ontologicalargument for the existence of God |
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Apostles |
The early followers of Jesus who witnessed his return as the risen Lord and were sent out into the world to proclaim him |
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Thomas Aquinas |
Dominican theologian considered the greatest of the scholastics, author of Summa Theologiae |
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Arius |
The early theologian that argued that Jesus was like a substance with God rather than the same substance |
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Athanasius |
The Bishop of Alexandria who argued that Jesus was of the same substance as God |
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atonement |
Christs restoration of humanity to a right relationship with God, variously interpreted as divine victory over demonic power, satisfaction of divine justice, or demonstration of a moral example |
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Augustine |
Bishop of Hippo Regius in North Africa, whose theological writings shaped western christian traditions |
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Beghards, Beguines |
Lay men nd women respectively who lived together in semi-monastic communities that were usually not under the authority of a local bishop |
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Bernard of Clairvaux |
12th century founder of a Cistercian monastery at Clairvaux |
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Benedicts Rule |
The prototype for western monastic life, written in the 6th century by St. Benedict |
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bishop |
the supervising priest of an ecclesiastical district called a diocese |
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Jean Calvin |
The french Protestant theologian, seen as the father of the Reformed churches, who emphasized a radical doctrine of sin and grace |
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canon |
A standard, a scriptural canon is the list of books acknowledged s scripture. The list of acknowledged saints is also canon. All in all, it is the accumulated body of Church regulations and discipline |
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Carmelites |
an ascetic monastic order of hermits established on Mount Carmel in Palestine. After the failure of the Crusades, many members migrated to Europe and reorganized themselves as a mendicant order |
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Carthusians |
A monastic order that demanded a vow of silence and considerable austerity from its members. |
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cenobitic monasticism |
The form of monasticism practiced by religious who live in a community with one another |
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charism |
A spiritual gift such as preaching, healing, speaking in tongues, and prophesying, which surfaced in local worshipping communities in the period of the early Church. Movements that emphasize such gifts are described as "charismatic" |
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Christology |
A theory of who Jesus was by nature and in substance |
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Cistercians |
An austere monastic order, founded in France in 1098, a particularly strict branch of Cistercians, known as Trappists, observe a rule of silence |
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City of God |
Work by Augustine of Hippo, which articulated a vision for the relationship between sacred and secular in the age of the decline of the roman empire |
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Cluniac Fathers |
An order, founded in 910, at the centre of a movement to reform monasticism by bringing its institutions under the control of religious rather than secular authorities |
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Constantine |
The first Christian emperor, who convened the council of Nicaea in 325 CE |
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Council of Chalcedon |
the 5th century church council where the controversies over the nature of Jesus humanity and divinity were finally resolved |
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Council of Nicaea |
4th century church council that formally established many beliefs about Christ |
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creeds |
brief formal statements of doctrinal beliefs, often cited in unison by congregations |
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Crusades |
a series of wars to drive islam out of the holy land |
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deacon |
the third order of male ministry in the early church |
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deaconess |
the female counterpart of the deacons office in the early church, devoted to serving woman and children in the community |
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Dominicans |
A mendicant preaching order formed in the early 1200s to combat "Albigensian heresy" |
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dyophysitism |
The belief that the two natures of Jesus, human and divine, are united in the second person of the trinity |
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ecumenism |
the movement for reunion or collaboration between previously separate branches of Christianity |
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episcopacy |
literally "oversight", the foundational office of authority in early christianity |
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Erasmus |
The humanist thinker who laid the groundwork for reformation theologians such as luther |
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Evangelical |
In Germany, a name for the Lutheran Church, In English, the name for conservative protestants with a confident sense of the assurance of divine grace and the obligation to preach it. |
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excommunication |
Formal censure or expulsian from a church for doctrinal error or moral misconduct |
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Franciscans |
Mendicant order who's monks live by a rule based on the life and example of Francis of Assisi |
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friar |
A member of a mendicant order |
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fundamentalism |
a 20th century reaction to modernity, originally among protestants who maintained the infallibility of scriptures and doctrine |
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glossolalia |
speaking in "tongues": a distinguishing feature of charismatic groups such as Pentecostals, in which people who feel filled with the spirit begin speaking in what they believe is a special heavenly language. The ability to interpret such speech is also considered a spiritual gift |
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Gnosticism |
A worldview based on a radical dualism, which prioritized reason and spirit over the physical. |
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gospel |
"Good news", the news of redemption that the Hebrew prophets had promised. The Gospels are the accounts of Jesus' life attributed to his disciples Mark, Mathew... |
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heresy |
A belief or practice that is contrary to the accepted orthodoxy |
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Holiness Churches |
Protestant churches that believe their members have already received "holiness" as a gift from God |
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icon |
"image" a distinctive Byzantine form of portraiture used to depict Jesus, Mary and the saints |
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humanism |
the intellectual movement that is seen as a necessary precursor of the Protestant reformation |
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incarnation |
The embodiment of the divine in human form: The Christian teaching that God became human in the person of Jesus |
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indulgences |
Releases from time in purgatory |
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liturgy |
a prescribed form for public worship |
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logos |
"word" in the sense of eternal divine intelligence and purpose |
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Martin Luther |
the father of the protestant reform |
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Manichaeism |
An intensely dualistic religion, founded in the 3rd century that grew out of Syrian Christianity under the influence of Gnosticism |
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martyrs |
Christians who have died for their faith |
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mass |
The Roman Catholic name for the Eucharist |
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mendicant orders |
orders that instead of withdrawing from the world and living predominantly in closed communities, dedicate themselves to pastoral work, serving the people. |
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monophysitism |
The belief that christ had only one nature, either divine or a synthesis of divine and human |
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mysticism |
The pursuit of intensely experienced spiritual union with the divine |
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Nestorianism |
The position that there was one (divine) nature in Christ and it was separate from the human Jesus |
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New Testament |
The collection of 27 books. authoritative for the early christian church |
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Nicene Creed |
The statement of faith agreed upon at Nicaea |
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nuns |
woman living a common life under monastic vows |
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ontological argument |
Anselms argument for the existence of God not based on observation but rather on logic |
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orthodoxy |
correct belief, in any church, the accepted doctrine |
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parables |
simple stories told to illustrate a lesson |
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patriarchs |
in the early church, the 5 bishops who held primacy of authority by geographical region: Rome, constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch and jerusalem. Today it is those bishops in the eastern orthodox church who preside over specific geographical regions |
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St Paul |
The Jewish convert to christianity who founded a number of christian communities and wrote them letters of instruction and guidance |
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Pauline Epistles |
letters attributed to paul in the NT, some of which were probably written by others |
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St peter |
"prince of apostles" who became the first bishop of Rome |
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Pelagianism |
A heresy according to which human nature was not so tainted by original sin as to be incapable of choosing good or evil without divine assistance. |
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Pentecost |
the 15th day after easter, when the apostles experienced the presence of the Holy Spirit |
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Pentecostals |
Modern protestant groups that emphasize glossolalia as a sign of the presence of the HS and hence of the individuals holiness or spiritual perfection |
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Pietism |
A movement that originated in late 17th century lutheran german, expressing spontaneous devotion to God and a confident certainty of forgiveness gained through religious experience |
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pope |
the head of the RCC |
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predestination |
the notion that God anticipates or controls human actions and foreordains every individual to heaven or hell |
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presbyter |
literally elder |
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reformed churches |
churches that are calvinist in doctrine and often presbyterian in governance |
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sacrament |
a ritual action seen as signifying divine grace |
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saints |
people recognized by the church for their faith and virtue, (1 miracle rule) |
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scriptures |
the holy writings of christianity, consisting of the hebrew bible in greek translation, which christians call the "old testament" and "new testament" accounts of Jesus' life and early years of the christian community |
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see |
one of the five major episcopal areas |
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synoptic gospels |
the gospels of Mathew mark Luke and john seen "together" |
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teleological argument |
From Greek telos "end" or "purpose", an argument inferring the existence of God from the perception of purpose or design in the universe |
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theocracy |
A state in which all of society is controlled by the church or religious leaders |
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transsubstantiation |
bread and wine---->body and blood |
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widows |
The earliest known order for women in christianity originally a response to the social problem of providing support for poor widows in the community |
