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105 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is absolute poverty? |
Refers to a condition where a person does not have the minimum income needed to meet the minimum requirements for one or more basic living need (water, food, shelter, etc..) |
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Why is absolute poverty important? |
Demonstrates that poverty is not one- dimensional phenomenon, in which requires a wide range of solutions. |
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Region that is plagued with absolute poverty? |
Many regions in Africa |
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What is an IGO? |
An Intergovernmental Organization is composed primarily of sovereign states, or of other IGOs to work in good faith on issues of common interest. |
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Significance of IGOS |
To create a world that more successfully works together in the areas of peace and security, and also deal with economic and social issues. . Helps facilitate conflict resolution, serve as information provides, are impartial. |
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Example of an IGO |
United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund |
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What is the Bretton Woods System |
A system of economic and financials accords. Have 2 goal; one is to promote economic and political stability, and the other is to promote trade cooperation. Goal of security and stability |
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Significance of the Bretton Woods System? |
Created gloating exchange rates so that the currency was no longer fixed to the US dollar |
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Criticisms of the Bretton Woods System |
unequal representation, lack of transparency, undemocratic decision-making, perpetuates cycle of poverty |
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Compulsory Licensing |
When a government allows someone else to produce the patented product or process without the consent of the patent owner. It is one of the flexibilities on patent protection in the TRIPS agreement |
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What are some of the grounds used for compulsory licensing? |
Public health reasons, emergency situation, epidemics, public non-commercial use |
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Significance of compulsory licensing |
They encourage patent owners to behave correctly. They give a sign to the patent owner that in the case of abuse of rights, a third party could use the invention. This prevents malpractice and misuse of monopoly rights |
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ISIS |
is a terrorist/ insurgency hybrid group. Has 30,000+ members, engages in direct combat with military forces, motivated by apocalyptic interpretation of history, uses violence to gain legitimacy and project power |
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What is deregulation? |
is the reduction or elimination of government power in a particular industry, usually enacted to create more competition within the industry |
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Significance of deregulation |
Gives consumers choices. A deregulated market allows you to choose you supplier. It also motivates retailers to differentiate their products from the utility and those of competitors by developing innovative features. |
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Example of deregulation |
Deregulation in the airline industry in 1978 |
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Export processing zone |
is an area of a country where some normal trade barriers such as tariffs and quotas are eliminated and bureaucratic requirements are lowered in hopes of attracting new business and foreign investment |
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Significance of EPZs? |
For the home country, they serve the purpose of enhancing exports and balancing trade. For the country that receives the exports, they provide cheap goods. For the TNC they provide a cheaper place to do business, reducing costs and increasing profits |
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United States has _____ EPZs and Africa has ____ |
213, 47 |
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Define Free Trade |
International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, and other restrictions. |
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Significance of free trade |
Help nations develop the best economic policies for their citizens, improve job opportunities in the economic market |
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Example of free trade |
Canada has free trade agreement with the US and Mexico (North American Free Trade Agreement) |
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Just War Theory |
the purpose of the doctrine is to ensure war is morally justifiable through a series of criteria, all of which must be met for a war to be considered just |
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2 criteria of just war theory |
jus ad bellum (just causes of war) - right intention, just cause, last resort, self defence jus in bell (right conduct in war) - hague conference - geneva conventions |
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Significance of just war theory |
provide a guide to the right way for states to act in potential conflict situations. Provides a useful framework for individuals and political groups to use for their discussions of possible wars. |
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Modernisation theory |
as developing states progress along the path of industrialization and economic growth, they will shed tradition and become more modern |
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Modernisation significance |
There has been modernization in science and technology that facilitates development and increases production and growth. Assumes that unlimited economic growth is possible. |
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Criticisms of modernisation theory |
Has a narrow focus on monetary measures of well-being, and helps perpetuate global inequalities |
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Examples on modernization theory |
Poverty (lack of money to provide for material needs). Solution lies in industrialization and technological advancements |
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Neglected Dieases |
medically diverse groups of infections common in low-income populations in developing regions. Caused by pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa and helminths. |
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Significance of Neglected diseases |
1 billion people globally suffer from NTD. They are significantly disability and diminish quality of life and opportunities to succeed. NTDs can reinforce the cycle of poverty. |
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Examples of NTD |
Rabies, Worm Infestations |
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Gender-Based Analysis |
analytical tool used to assess the potential impacts of policies, programs and services on diverse groups of women and men, taking into account gender and other identifying factors |
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Significance of gender-based analysis |
can contribute to attaining the overarching goal of gender equality. Also is important because current society fails to consider that men and women can be affected differently by similiar situations |
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Example of Gender-Based Analysis |
The Status of Women Canada has used the analysis |
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New Terrorism |
Aims at destruction as an end in itself - increased prevalence of social media to promote terrorist ideologies - communication channels, transportation and tech advancements has allowed terrorism to grow - claim for territory |
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Significance of new terrorism |
- far greater reach and ability to perpetrate their message, and persuade individuals to join their movement - harder to combat - increased resources leads to increased power |
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New terrorism example |
ISIS |
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Geneva Conventio |
4 treaties and 2 protocols, that establish the standards of international law for the humanitarian treatment in war - established protections for wound soldiers - utilization of volunteers for relief assistance |
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Significance of the Geneva Convention |
Protect people who are disadvantaged. Requires humane treatment for all persons in enemy hands. |
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NGo |
non-profit organization that is independent from the government engaging in collective action |
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Significance of NGOS |
Perform service, humanitarian functions, publish info, bring citizen concerns to the government, and encourage participation of stakeholders |
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Example of NGO |
GreenPeace, Carnitas, World Vision, Doctors without Border |
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Genocide |
deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation |
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Significance of Genocide |
Acts of genocide perpetrate hate. Other effects include damaged relationships, demobilizations, murder. |
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Examples of Genocide |
Rwanda Genocide, and the Holocaust |
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Overseas Development Assistance |
used to measure aid. Indicator of international aid flow |
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Significance of Overseas Development Assistance |
Welfare of developing countries is the main objective. This contributes to the reduce of poverty, and aims to further sustainable development. |
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Examples of ODA |
The European Union is the largest contributor to the ODA |
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Human Poverty Index |
Indication of the standard of living in a country. Measures things like mortality rate, access to education, literacy, access to employment and standard of living |
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Significance of Human Poverty Index |
Studies of the problems of poor people and communities, and of the obstacles they face, can open ip to the opportunity to improve their situation because of the increased understanding of poverty in certain regions |
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Example of Human Poverty Index |
Sweden has the highest HPI, demonstrating high standard of living |
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Religious Outbidding |
Leaders or groups try to outbid each other in order to enhance their religious credentials and legitimacy. Resources can be obtained by framing a conflict in religious terms |
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Significance of religious outbidding |
the more religious outbidding that occurs, the more likely it is that religion will go from peripheral to central. The more central religion is, the less likely negotiations will be successful. Additionally, the more central religion is, the more likely that violence will be used against non-believers. |
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Examples of Religious Outbidding |
ISIS appeals for global support |
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Remittances |
transfer of money by a foreign worker to an individual in his or her home country. Money competes with international aid as one of the largest financial inflows to developing countries |
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Significance of remittances |
accounts to be a significant part of international capital flows. Plays an increasingly large role in the economies of many countries, as it contributes to economic growth and to the livelihoods of less prosperous people |
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Responsibility to Protect (r2p) |
International community has the responsibility to prevent mass atrocities, react to current crises by diplomatic engagement, protect citizens who are victims of war or abuse, rebuild by bringing security, and prevent future problems |
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Significance of R2P |
Seeks to ensure that the international community never again fails to act in the face of genocide and other gross forms of human rights abuse |
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Example of a time R2P was used? |
R2P in Syria, to help mitigate conflict (by UN) |
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Sustainable development is.... |
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs |
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Significance of Sustainable development |
creates a stable relationship between human activities and the natural world. Encourage us to conserve and enhance our resource base, by gradually changing the ways in which we develop and use tech |
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Examples of sustainable developments |
Solar energy, wind energy |
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Sustainable development goals |
is a set of 17 aspirational global goals, spearheaded by the UN in collaboration with 193 member states |
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Importance of sustainable development goals |
Seeks to strengthen universal peace and greater freedom. It recognizes that eradicating poverty in all of its forms, is the greatest global challenge and indispensable requirement for sustainable development |
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Examples of global goals for sustainable development |
no poverty, zero hunger, gender equality, clean water and sanitation, climate action |
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Resurgence of religion |
new wave of religious activism is driven by serious believers of many faiths all of whom are opposed to many of the values commonly accepted by modern secular society. Goal of restructuring society on the basis of scriptural belief and practice |
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Significance of resurgence of religion |
reverts the world back to a place of non-secularization. Has caused increased conflict (fundamentalism) |
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Examples of where resurgence of religion has occured |
ISIS in Syria and Iraq |
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Third Wave Feminism |
critics the second wave of feminism for being rigid and judgemental - claims to be inclusive - refine what it is to be a feminist - based on the idea of intersectionality. This is where people carry multiple identities simultaneously, and some of these identities have more privilege than others ex. black US citizen |
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Significance of third wave |
Played a large role in the progression of the feminist movement, and its greater inclusion of all types of people |
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Rio Declaration |
Link development with environmental protection and re-eradicating poverty |
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Significance of the Rio Declaration |
States that long term economic progress is only ensured if it is linked with the protection of the environment. - development must not threaten the needs of present or future generations - environmental protection shall constitute as integral part of development |
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Tragedy of the commons |
economic problem in which every individual tries to reap the greatest benefit from a given resource. As the demand for the resource overwhelms the supply, every individual who consumes an additional unit directly harms others |
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Significance of the tragedy of the commons |
demonstrates the implications for the use of resources to sustainability. |
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Depletion of non-renewable resources is an example of |
tragedy of the commons |
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Secularization |
the separation between religion and the state |
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Significance of secularization |
people of different religion and beliefs are all equal under the law. This ensures political decisions are not being made under the bias of religion, and helps guarantee fairness within politics |
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Example of secular and non-secular regions |
North America is secular, Saudi Arabia is non-secular |
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Transnational advocacy network (TAN) |
A network of activist (usually a collection of NGOS) dedicated to taking affirmative action on a specific cause |
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Significance of TANs |
Activists bring new issues to the table, reshape alliances among platers, redefine the rules of international politics, open the field to weak players |
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Example of a TAN |
Boys and Girls Club of America |
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Security Council |
Primary responsibility under the UN charter is to maintain international peace and security. 5 permanent members: United States, China, UK, Russia, France |
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Purpose of the Security Council |
Call on members to apply sanctions - authorize military action - procedural issues (require 9 votes) - substantial issues (9 votes, including all 5 permanent members) |
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Significance of the security council |
Responds to crises around the world on a case-by-case basis. Creates security and peace on a worldwide scale |
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Treaty Westphalia |
series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648 in the Westphalian cities, effectively ending the European wars of religion. |
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Significance of the Westphalia Treaty |
the treaty is considered the beginning of the international system of laws. Argued that it was the most important event in regards to state sovereignty |
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Soft Power |
ability to attract and co-opt as a means to persuade rather than using force |
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Significance of soft power |
rests in the ability to shape preferences of others. The suppression of terrorism and achievement of national objectives, require the willing assistance of other nations. |
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Examples of soft power |
can be expressed in terms of propaganda |
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TRIPS Agreement |
an international agreement by the WTO that sets down minimum standards for many forms of intellectual property |
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Significance of TRIPS agreement |
The main feature of the agreement seeks to achieve is to create standards in respect of each of the main areas of intellectual property, enforcement, and dispute settlement |
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TRIPS agreement example |
Compulsory licensing under TRIPS |
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Waterboarding |
harsh interrogation method that stimulates drowning and near death - cloth is held tightly over subjects face, water poured onto cloth over face |
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Significance of waterboarding |
Used as enhanced interrogation techniques in order to acquire information from suspects |
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Example of waterboarding |
widely used by the CIA |
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State sovereignty |
is the idea that states operate as autonomous and independent entities in world politics. Also implies that states are equal and suggest non-intervention in international affairs. |
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Significance of state sovereignty |
states act in the interest of their own citizens, and therefore protect them and treat them according to humanitarian laws |
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Example of a sovereign state |
United States |
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State |
a nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government |
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Significance of state |
a state is more than a government. governments change, but states endure. |
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Example of a state |
196 independent countries, United States being one |
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WTO |
is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters and importers conduct business |
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Significance of the WTO |
ensures that countries that trade goods and services have a say in how trade is conducted on an international level, promoting peaceful relations, stimulating global economic growth. This evens the playing field for smaller and poorer nations. |
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Example of WTO |
During a year in which certain crops experience poor yields, the organization works with all nations that grow the crop to help affected nations. |