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15 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is watershed?
fraction of rainwater that collects directly into rivers.
Watershed:Total land area that drains surface water to a common point.
1/5 rainwater
Largest Watershed and its effects on the oceans
Amazon Watershed.
Water released by the Amazon to the Atlantic Ocean is enormous: up to 300,000 m³ per second in the rainy season. The Amazon is responsible for a fifth of the total volume of fresh water entering the oceans worldwide.
Largest watershed in US and components
Mississippi watershed.
Headwaters: the source of the river
Mouth: end of river
Confluence: the point where two rivers meet
Tributary: a smaller river which flows into a larger river
3 longest rivers in world
Nile = 4135 miles
Amazon = 3980 miles
Yangtze = 3917 miles
how to calculate gradient
Gradient equals difference of height and base level divided by lateral distance.
Headwater - mouth / length
Why is gradient important
the gradient determines water flow by controlling the amount of force apllied via gravity on the water.
Gradient of the st.johns river
1.16 in/mi
why is swannee river watershed susceptible to pollution?
1) residential and commercial septic systems in rural areas
2) about 300 row crop and vegetable farms,
3) 44 dairies with more than 25,000 animals
4) 150 poultry operations with more than 38 million birds
3 basic types of water pollutants
biological
physical
chemical
2 effects of biological pollution
-Causes disease via pathogens
-Lowers oxygen via microbial metablolism
primary productivity
Primary production is the production of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and chemical nutrients through the process of photosynthesis
examples of synthestic organic compouunds
Pesticides
Industrial Solvents and Cleaners
Flame Retardants
2 basic avenues for pollutants
non point and point source
non-point source pollution
Where: Lawns, Gardens
Golf Courses
Agriculture
Urban Runoff
What: Fertilizers
Pesticides
Animal Wastes
Oil, gas, rubber
point source pollution
Factories/Industry
Wastewater Treatment
Landfills
Underground Storage Tanks
Mines