World Of Dinosaurs Lecture 4

Front 1

The Web of Life

Back 1

Front 2

Star-Stuff

Back 2

All life is composed of the same stuff, star-stuff to be exact. Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and other elements common to all lifeforms were forged within stellar furnaces and disgorged in supernova explosions.

Front 3

Prokaryotes

Back 3

All of Earth's diverse inhabitants descended from single-celled, aquatic bacteria. Starfish, Dinosaurs, mushrooms, petunias and humans alike trace their origins to the humble Prokaryote bacterium.

Front 4

Age of Bacteria

Back 4

Single-celled prokaryotes appeared virtually as soon as the planet had cooled enough to sustain water, suggesting that some life may not have been a lottery-like stroke of luck but like a virtual inevitability.

Front 5

Five Kingdoms

Back 5

Bacteria
Protists
Fungi
Plants
Animals

Front 6

Bacteria

Back 6

Microscopic, single-celled organisms that gave rise to all other life forms.

Front 7

Protists

Back 7

Slimy, nucleated organisms that include algae, amebas, water molds, and slime molds.

Front 8

Fungi

Back 8

A highly successful and diverse group that includes yeasts, mushrooms, and various molds, all of which grow form spores.

Front 9

Plants

Back 9

The diversity of plants develops either form spores or from sexually reproduced embryos.

Front 10

Animals

Back 10

Grow from embryos that result from union of sperm and egg.

Front 11

Symbiosis

Back 11

When two kinds organisms live together in close physical contact benefiting one another.

Front 12

Eukaryotes

Back 12

The first protists were eukaryotes, bacteria with nuclei. The protists diversified into a variety of groups which gave rise to fungi.

Front 13

First Animals

Back 13

Evolved from protists at the close of the Precambrian, about 650 million years ago. The Phanerozoic then opened with a gang, called the cambrian explosion about 540 million years ago.

Front 14

Vertebrates

Back 14

These organisms in the Cambrian explosion then gained a complex head - including a subdivided brain, eyes, ears - as well as a stiffened cord running down the spinal column.

Front 15

Small Jawless Fish

Back 15

525 million years ago. These fish grew bony armor within the skin. Gills were modified to form jaws resulting in a series of highly successful jawed fishes.

Front 16

Moving to the Land

Back 16

By the Late Devonian, about 360 million years ago, one group of fishes with muscular fins mad a fundamental shift by moving to the and and facing the effects of gravity for the first time. These four-footed animals were the first Tetrapods.

Front 17

Amphibians

Back 17

The dinosaur lineage took on the form of amphibians for a long period of deep time, with sprawled limbs and newly modified ears adapted for hearing in air.

Front 18

Amniote Egg

Back 18

325 million years ago, this egg with a semipermiable shell allowed reproduction to occur away from standing water.

Front 19

Small Bodied Reptiles

Back 19

These new small-bodied reptiles from the same lineage with an amniote egg could now spread across the land and begin the road of evolution to becoming dinosaurs.

Front 20

Archosaurs

Back 20

One group of reptiles that evolved to larger body sizes. The common ancestor of pterosaurs and dinosaurs was the small, agile, lightly built, carnivorous , bipedal archosaur.

Front 21

Permian Extinction Event

Back 21

The Paleozoic-Mesozoic boundary was marked by the greatest extinction in the history of life. The Permian extinction event drove 90% of the Earth's species to extinction.

Front 22

First Dinosaurs

Back 22

The first dinosaurs appeared 230 million years ago. Dinosaurs remained the dominant large animals on land for the next 150 million years. Characters of the first dinosaurs include: upright posture, open hip socket, and an opposable thumb for grasping.

Front 23

Quadrupedalism

Back 23

Walking on all fours. Re-evoloved multiple times within plant-eating dinosaurs.
Stegosaurus, sauropods, and ceratopsians.

Front 24

Bipedalism

Back 24

Walking on two legs. With opposable thumbs, resulted in forelimbs free for a number of functions.

Front 25

Giant Asteroid

Back 25

65 million years ago, a giant asteroid slammed into the planet, killing off most of the dinosaurs, as well as many other lifeforms form land and sea. One group of dinosaurs, the birds, managed to survive, remaining successful to the present day.