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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Han
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type of people, the majority (92%). They inhabit rich agricultural land and the eastern third of the country
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Mandarin
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language of China….a tonal language
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Chinese-speaking territories
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????
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disapora
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people and traditions are dispersed beyond the boundaries of the region
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*virtuosic
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possessing great level of musical ability. (I think it is like a master piece according to like what I found on google.)
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erhu
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- 2 stringed fiddle (Special notes from powerpoint: 1. Very characteristic sound 2. It has no finger board 3. The bow never separates itself from the string 4. Strings are really close together)
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pipa
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4 stringed and round-bodied lute
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zheng/guzheng
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a bridged zither with usually twenty-five strings
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Ancient Chinese Instrument classification
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Sound-producing materials:
• (1) silk • (2) bamboo • (3) metal (bells) • (4) stone (chime stones) • (5) gourds (hollowed out to make the body of a mouth organ) • (6) earth (clay ocarinas) • (7) leather (stretched to make drum heads) • (8) wood (as in clappers) |
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Chinese music classifcation
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Ancient chinese music classification-
Vocal Solo-Folk song Group- ritual song Instrumental Solo (elite)-Qin, pipa, erhu, piano Group- sizhu, beiguan, New Folk Vocal and Instrumental Solo and Group- Beijing Opera, Ballad Singing, Buddhist Chant, Christian hymn, Film Song, Pop song Elite Qin, Pipa, Erhu, Piano Solos |
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Sizhu
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(Jingan ensemble) Silk and bamboo music, flexible ensemble of amateur music (pg 376)
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kugak
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Korean National music
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nongak
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Farmer's percussion bands
folk music typically performed outdoors involving farmers |
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salmunori
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Percussion genre
typically has 4 differnt drums, but gongs or obes can be added based on drumming style Formed after WWII |
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sanjo
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folk style of solo instrumental music (Accompanied by changgo).
means "random tunes" typically peformed by kayagum, but can use other instruments like the haegum or p'iri |
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p'ansori
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narrative folk music from Korea, with a vocalist and drummer.
Some are acting out a story |
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Intangible Cultural Properties
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Program by Korean government that preserves traditional music and dance
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Choson
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Old Korean Court (aak =court music)....very slow and grave
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Confucius
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Influential scholar and philosopher who emphasized communal characteristics...aak( elegant music) is performed in Korea as a sacrifice to Confucius
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classical versus folk music (differences)
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Classical music,like aak, is elegant, slow, grave, and awe inspiring
Folk music is for dancing and has a beat that one can dance to (nongak) |
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kayagum
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12 stringed zither in Korea
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Haegum
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Fiddle in Korea
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p'iri
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bamboo oboe from Korea
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changgo
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double-headed hourglass drum from Korea
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Meiji
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(1868–1911) Since then western music has been more influential and the education of it has been encouraged to spread
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Tokugawa/Edo
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- time period from 1600 to 1867 There were 4 types of instruments that became popular during this time period 1. shakuhachi flute 2. koto zither 3. kouta songs( performed by geisha and accompanied by the shamisen[which exemplifies heterophonic texture] 4. bunraku puppet theater and its music, giday_u-bushi) Also in this section of the reading was the Jo-ha-kyū (Slow “Intro”-Faster and building “breaking apart”- peaking and then slowing down of the “rushing”)
Edo-Tokyo before 1868 |
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geisha
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female performers of kouta in tea houses and play the shamisen (Track 2 “Hakusen no” (“A White Fan”))
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* monophony and heterophony
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Monophony-When there is only one instrument or voice playingTraditional Japanese Music is monophonic or heterophonic.
Homophony-One main voice with accompaniment |
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koto
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Koto- played by merchants and is a thirteen-stringed zither. The shakuhachi was the prototype of the koto and came from China. Tokugawa attributed to its spread from the elite. Plays sokyoku (or koto music)
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shamisen
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three stringed lute. (Straight from the online reading) “used to convey an outpouring of emotion and drama. For this reason, it is considered an excellent instrument for the theater, expressing highly dramatic situations in the bunraku puppet theater to great effect. It is also used in another major theatrical form, kabuki, and sometimes to accompany folk songs, as on Track 3. In a more intimate setting, the shamisen also accompanies short, evocative songs called kouta (literally, “short song”). Sometimes a plectrum is used to strike or pluck the instrument.
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kayagum
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12 stringed zither in Korea
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Haegum
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Fiddle in Korea
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p'iri
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bamboo oboe from Korea
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changgo
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double-headed hourglass drum from Korea
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Meiji
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(1868–1911) Since then western music has been more influential and the education of it has been encouraged to spread
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Tokugawa/Edo
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- time period from 1600 to 1867 There were 4 types of instruments that became popular during this time period 1. shakuhachi flute 2. koto zither 3. kouta songs( performed by geisha and accompanied by the shamisen[which exemplifies heterophonic texture] 4. bunraku puppet theater and its music, giday_u-bushi) Also in this section of the reading was the Jo-ha-kyū (Slow “Intro”-Faster and building “breaking apart”- peaking and then slowing down of the “rushing”)
Edo-Tokyo before 1868 |
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geisha
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female performers of kouta in tea houses and play the shamisen (Track 2 “Hakusen no” (“A White Fan”))
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* monophony and homophony
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Monophony-When there is only one instrument or voice playingTraditional Japanese Music is monophonic or heterophonic.
Homophony-One main voice with accompaniment |
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koto
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Koto- played by merchants and is a thirteen-stringed zither. The shakuhachi was the prototype of the koto and came from China. Tokugawa attributed to its spread from the elite. Plays sokyoku (or koto music)
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shamisen
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three stringed lute. (Straight from the online reading) “used to convey an outpouring of emotion and drama. For this reason, it is considered an excellent instrument for the theater, expressing highly dramatic situations in the bunraku puppet theater to great effect. It is also used in another major theatrical form, kabuki, and sometimes to accompany folk songs, as on Track 3. In a more intimate setting, the shamisen also accompanies short, evocative songs called kouta (literally, “short song”). Sometimes a plectrum is used to strike or pluck the instrument.
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gagaku
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Gagaku- Ancient orchestral music for the court, from China, that accompanies a highly stylized dance. This is also a modal system linked to Chinese. This incorporates that jo ha kyu thing.
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taiko
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taiko (drumming) ensembles are a national symbol of Japan’s musical tradition, on par with the koto and shakuhachi. However they are post WWII. emphasize samurai values: discipline, hard physical and mental training, group coordination, and perfectionism. Track 7
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karaoke
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“empty orchestra” 1970
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podhale
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Region in Poland
Muzyka Podhala....place where a musical festival is held |
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nation
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: a significantly united people (by ethnicity, perhaps)
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nation-state
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a politcal unity within a state....not natural and must be invented
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imagined community
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Benedict Anderson, 1991
Europe as a region is just a concept, nations don't really go together |
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invented tradition
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notion of national musics is a human invention
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classical music (poland)
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institutional support
large performance ensembles and is written |
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folk music (poland)
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"music of the people" regional varieties, oral tradition
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Popular music (poland)
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commercial support, mass media
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*Tatry/Tatra
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people from the Tatra Mountains of Poland are called the Gorale of Podhale
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gorale ensemble
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typical gorale ensemble: lead violin, one or two accompanying violins, and basy
basy: three-stringed cello-like instrument |
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*gorale
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??????
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nuta
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literally means note, referse to a melodic idea/tune family
-any recording of a gorale nuta is only one possibility of melodic idea |
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goralski dance
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couples dance
-improvised with structure male plays basy player for a song always beings with an ozwodna (5 bar structure with 2 pulses in each bar) followed by krzesana,drobna, or ozwodna, ended by zielona |
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kaval
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end-blown flute from Romania, larger version of the fluier; with turkish origins.
2 playing styles 1. Lowering of the lip 2. Throat humming Both banned during the 50's and 60's |
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fluier
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higher pitched, end blown flute, has 6-8 holes.
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ocarina
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flute-like instrument, looks like a potato
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doina (Romanian)
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specific form; musical tune style iwth turkish influence that is meant to be poetic and melancholic.
slow free,rhythmn melody, against a fast accompaniment pattern. |
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"stealing melodies"
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improve style, amateurs would listen to other musicians and memorize the melodies.
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Andes, Latin and Central America
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Focus on the following countries: Chile, Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru
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Quechua
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an indigenous culture or language of the Andes, spoken by some six to eight million people in Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and Argentina
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Zampona
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panpipes, native to the Andes
in a zampona ensemble, all play same melody resulting in parallel octaves. |
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Siku
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Andian panpie used in a musical genre called Sikuri associated with music form the Kollasuyo or Aymara speaking regions. made of bamboo shoots
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panpipes
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zampona....aerophone...closed tube
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quena
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Andean vertical notched flute made of bamboo
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charango
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"necked bowl" lute chordophone made with the shell of the back of an armadillo
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harp
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Andean harp,often what sounds like a drum in this Andean music is actually the golpe on the body of the harp. Most popular instrument in the Ecuadorian highlands region. made of cedar and wooden nails
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Typical Ensemble (Latin america)
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k'antu-ceremonial panpipe music from the altiplano, or high plateau of Peru-Bolvia ensemble. Panpipes, triagle, double-headed drums
Sanjuan- guitars, percussion, violins, harp |
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ira/arc
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male and femal; ira is male; arca is femlae; refers to the panpipes because you need both to create a scale
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hocket/ing
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two players interact to create a melody in alternation' melodic term in one voice; ties into the idea of ira and arca.
Melody is disperesed amoung two or more voices or instruments. |
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diegetic
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sound/music that exists within the movie's world....that characters experience
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non-diegetic
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music that characters can't hear
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music score
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all the music heard in the movie...like a soundtrack which includes both diegetic and nondiegetic sound
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"mickey-mousing"
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when the music follows the events/actions of characters...
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Leitmotif
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recurring theme in movies which represents characters....Darth Vader...Aragon
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music as coding system
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music codes things; certain music gives sentimental or scary feeling....basic ideas about certain sounds
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vernacular
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Contemporary film culture
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super culture
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Hollywood....its influence is across the world
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subculture
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Independent films
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transnational
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The last Samurai...American Movie trying to capture Japanese Culture
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1896
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First Movie
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1927
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First movie with sound included.
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western appropriation*
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homage-idealized, borrowing or sharing
appropriation- exploitation, stealing |
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Dangdut
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Western-influenced pop music in Indonesia, also influenced by Indian films
imitation of the sound made by hand drums/electic guitar Rhoma Irama |
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fusion/collaboration*
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????
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