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28 Cards in this Set

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  • Back

Feudalism

Political, protective system that included the duties of the King, Lords, Knights, and Peasants.


It developed due to the need of protection from the Vikings' raids.

Clovis

King who converted to Christianity after winning a battle and established a Germanic kingdom that replaced the Roman Empire.



Medieval

"Middle Age" Civilization



Charles Martel

Rallied Frankish men when Muslim armies crossed into France to defeat them. He won at the Battle of Tours which ended the Arab invasions into Europe. Said to be the founding father of European Middle Ages.

Battle of Tours

Muslim invaders against Christians led by Charles Martel. Christians win and this ends the Arab invasions into Europe. It is said that if the Christians hadn't won, we may all be speaking Arabic in the modern day.

Charlemagne

Began the dynasty of Carolingians and united Western Europe with his empire which reached across France, Germany, and part of Italy. He was the grandson of Charles Martel. He also was a huge believer in the church and killed anyone who wouldn't convert to Christianity in the Massacre of Verden. The Pope crowned him as the Roman Emperor.

Vikings

They broke the last threads of unity in Charlemagne's empire. They raided because they needed to expand their population, as they had taken up most of Scandinavia.

Vassal

Lesser lord who served their king or higher lord. Their duties included providing military aid and loyalty to these higher lords.

Feudal Contract

Political/economic relationship between lords and vassals based on exchange of land for loyalty and military service established by customs and exchanges of pledges.

Fief

The estate granted from the King to the Vassal.



Knight

Mounted warrior who first becomes a Page at the age of 7, then levels up to a Squire, and finally becomes a Knight. They were the basic military and abided by the rules of Chivalry: honesty, respect, loyalty, good treatment of lesser people.

Chivalry

Adopted code of conduct for knights. Required bravery and loyalty and truthfulness of their words.

Manor

Self sustaining estate that kept their food from the land there. They didn't use money or trade.


Barter system.



Manorialism

Economic system that provided food, clothing tools/weapons for all in need at the estate. Serfs would come with the Manor and serve and farm the land for the lords. They would have to pay fees for using the mill, etc. Bailiff: managed estate, Reeve: Oversaw the work of the serfs.

Benedictine Rule

The rules created by Benedict to manage life in a monastery: Chastity, Poverty, Obedience

Benedict

Father of Western Monasticism, founded rules for Monasteries



Francis of Assisi

Original Friar who left his comfortable, wealthy life to become a traveler who preached like Jesus did.

Guild System

Apprentice, Journeyman, Master.


One had to create a masterpiece to become a master. They regulated who could become masters at a skill to keep prices at a steady level. They protected economic interests as Manorialism was transformed into towns when they became overpopulated.

Agricultural Revolution

Lighter, iron plows made for easier work on the serfs and more production from their farms. They also used a 3 crop rotation system. This led to a boom in population.



Papal Supremacy

Authority over all secular rulers including kings and emperors that was taken by the Pope



Canon Law



Church-developed laws that governed many aspects of life. Sometimes Popes and things weren't held to the same accountability as Kings or Lords.



Hanseatic League

Association to protect trading interests that dominated Northern Europe for over 150 years.



Charter

Written document that set rights/privileges of town. People who wanted to build a town had to acquire a charter from their king/lord.

Serfs

Peasants who were bound to the Manor and had to ask permission to get married or leave the Manor.

Sacraments

Sacred rites of the Church that were administered by the Priest. These must be followed to gain salvation and go to heaven.

Excommunication

Not allowed to receive sacraments

Interdict

All king's people and him wouldn't be allowed to receive the sacraments if he had done something unforgivable

Monasteries

Held as hospitals, for lodging, orphanages, and for education purposes