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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Louis XVI
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French
-Causes financial crisis: left with debt from previous monarchs, but spends more -"I want to be loved by my people" -"Eve of Revolution" |
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Eve of Revolution
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-Keeps large budget secret from people
-Spends MORE before revolution (thinks other countries will give loans if the think France is rich) -postal workers, other workers not getting paid |
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Estates General
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-1789
-Louis XVI -Meeting to discuss finances (representatives from 3 classes meet at Versailles) -Nobles, Church, lower class (third estate) |
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Lafeyette
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-Leader of revolution
part of nobility, but recognizes third estates democratic power -changes "third estate" to "national assembly" |
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Bastille Day
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-Mob of peasants storm Paris to destroy something linked to royal power
-King sends "training exercise" mob attacks building of Bastille-executes soldiers -King backs off-tells soldiers not to go to Versaille |
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Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen
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-GUIDELINES for future Constitution in France (short)
-Renames National assembly to Constitutional assembly -King is only figurehead |
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Austria and Prussia vs France?
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-Austrians: concerned about marie Antoinette (thinks she might get hurt in revolution)-> france declares war
-Prussia- supports russians-> France declares war |
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Levee en Masse
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-first military draft: town to town
-France raises army of 300,000 (ill-equipped) men |
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Jacobin
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-Want full-scale republic (RADICAL)
-No king! -Assumes power in revolution using The Committee of Public Safety (protects people from followers of king) |
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Guillotine
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-invented by Jacobin to execute counter-revolutionaries
-king and queen (louis and marie) both guillotined in 1793 |
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Maximilien Robespierre
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-"Reign of Terror" against anti-revolutionaries
-bc we are a "republic of Virtue" -Thermidorean Reaction-executed 1794 |
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James Watt
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-steam power allows larger, urban mills to be built
-allows for steam locomotives to haul coal -George Stephenson: makes more efficient locomotive (30 mph) |
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Liberal Revolution (Latin America)
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-Miguel Hidalgo-priest killed by soldiers in mexico
-Latin America wants Spain out - Simon Bolivav and Jose de san Martin fight campaigns against spain -Revolution fails, democracy is not maintained |
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Pedro I of Brazil
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-Frees Brazil from Portugal
-Crown prince of Portugal, but overthrew fathers power in Brazil so that he could rule it->becomes "figurehead" |
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Utopian Socialism
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-started by royals that thought capitalism hurt peasants
-Robert Owen, "New Lanark" (factory owner, but great conditions) |
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Utopians Socialists (examples)
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-Henri de Saint Simon: "from each according to his capacity, to each according to his need"
-Charles Fourier: makes utopian ideas popular (populist) |
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Karl Marx
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-Revolutionary Socialist
-"The Communist Manifesto" (1867) -uses "straw man" arguing -says history is driven by struggle of the classes with "means of production" -wants to get to communism |
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Fredrick Engels
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-basically editor of Marx
-factory owner |
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Anarchism
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-abolition of all government and the organization of society on a voluntary, cooperative basis
-Pierre-Joseph Proudnon and Russian Michael Bakunin: radical anarchists - kill around 300 political leaders (bourgeoisie) |
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Baron Montesquieu
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-French
-"Spirit of the Laws" (1748) -introduces justive system-> executer (executive), judges (judiciary), and nobles (legislative) -critiques absolutism |
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Voltaire
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-comedian, french
-"Candide" (1759): german boy meets famous people like monarchs (makes fun of king) -critical of absolutism |
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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-"The Social Contract" (1762)
-inspired by voltaire and montesquieu -says the wild is better than socitey's social contract -says power only shifts to other powerful people (no use) -we are no longer human (parties, away from nature) |
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Adam Smith
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-introduces capitalism (opposite of mercantilism)
-"The Wealth of Nations" (1776) -Laissez Faire (leave it alone) -"invisible hand" regulate economy-. a person's greed will make sure needs are met |
