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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 Historical Questions |
1. What happened? (Time & Place) 2. Why did it happen? 3. How do we know? 4. Why do we care? |
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4 Historical Categories |
1. Political 2. Economic 3. Cultural 4. Social |
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Historiography |
The study of historical writing |
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Industrial Revolution: what happened? |
Time: ca. 18th - 19th century Place: began in Britain & spread to the rest of the Atlantic World What happened: substitution of inanimate (coal/water) products for animal products. European powers, despite having low population numbers, obtained great power & wealth because of this economic revolution. |
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Industrial Revolution: why did it happen? |
Why it happened: both economic and cultural shifts made this possible. Capitalism and the enlightenment also made it possible for people to be more freethinking about the way the world worked. The decline of artisanship & the division of labor also made this possible. Craftsmanship turned into machine mass produced products made on the assembly line with many people doing one small part rather than the whole thing. The availability of unskilled workers to do the assembly line work was readily available. The rise of the factory system took over by the utilization of technology and fossil fuels. |
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Industrial Revolution: why do we care? |
Why we care: this was a revolution that led to modernization, corporate capitalism, organized labor, consumerism, and European Imperialism.
We know by the John Reich testimony, physical materials we still have, and the works of Marx & Engles. |
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Modernization: what happened? |
Time: ca. 1850 Place: began in Britain then moved to the Atlantic World What happened: the notion of avant garde became relevant when people realized with the technology boom that new was better and that it wasn't just for the rich. |
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Modernization: what happened within the 4 categories of history? |
Political: centralization, secularization, representative government Econimic: liberal economic policies, division of labor, shift from agricultural to industrial work Social: diversity, switch from rural to urban lifestyles, decline of the aristocracy through the rise of the middle class Social: diversity, switch from rural to urban lifestyles, decline of the aristocracy through the rise of the middle classCultural: first World's Fair at the London Crystal Palace in 1851 Cultural: first World's Fair at the London Crystal Palace in 1851 |
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Modernization: why did it happen? |
Why it happened: a result of the Atlantic, transportation, industrial, communications, and demographic revolutions of the 19th century |
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Modernization: why do we care? |
Why we care: it led to imperialism which is deeply connected with Eurocentricism. Modernization also still continues in some ways today with the expansion of the technological world. |
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Modernization in the Ottoman Empire |
Tanzimat Reforms began in 1839 that sought to centralize and rationalize Ottoman rule in order to cast a larger tax to build their army. |
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The Crimean War |
1853 - 1856 Fought in the Crimean Peninsula by Russia, France, the Ottoman Empire and the British Was previously Russian territory but they were defeated. The defeat was a major wake up call for Russia about the actual status of Russian power. Tsar Nicholas II freed the serfs after the war in 1861. There was then a Russian revolution in 1905 after the defeat. |
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Modernization in China |
The Taiping Rebellion broke out in China causing 20 million deaths & the biggest uprising in Chinese history. It was fought between the established Qing Dynasty and the Heavenly Kingdom of Peace. China's Hundred Days Reform began in 1898. China was forced to accept opium as a trade method by the British. This was the first step of modern imperialism. |
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Modernization in Japan |
Started with the Meiji Restoration in 1868. This restoration included economic and education reforms as well as military modernization.
Previously Japan had closed it's borders to European settlers in 1604. It opened them back in 200 years later when the US sailed to the port of Tokyo & flexed its muscles. The US forced Japan to be it's number one trade partner. The Russo-Japanese War was fought from 1904 - 1905. Japan had one small fleet in the Pacific. It was fought over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea. Japan won. |
