World History Quarter 1 Exam Review

Front 1

Quote by G. Santayana?

Back 1

“Those who don’t know history are destined to repeat it.” - G. Santayana

Front 2

Polytheism

Back 2

belief of more than one god

Front 3

Monotheism

Back 3

belief of only one god

Front 4

Ahimsa

Back 4

sanskirt - not to injure and compassion

Front 5

Kaarma

Back 5

totality of good and bad deeds in Hinduism and Buddhism

Front 6

Reincarnation

Back 6

a soul is reborn again and again until it achieves perfect understanding in Hinduism and Buddhism

Front 7

What religions originated from India?

Back 7

Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism

Front 8

What are a few teachings/beliefs of Jainism? How is it different than Hinduism?

Back 8

Jainism believe that everything in the universe has a soul and shouldn’t be harmed. Hinduism practices Henotheism (1 god with many names) while Jainism has no concept of God.

Front 9

What do Hindus and also Buddhists call “enlightenment”?

Back 9

Hindus: Moksha, get it by understanding Brahman

Buddhist: Enlightenment, get it by the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path

Front 10

Prince Siddharta Gautama. What choice did he make when he was 29 years old.

Back 10

a holy man said that he’d either be a great holy man or the king of the world, his father then sheltered him so he would see no harm and become a great ruler. At age 29 to view the city and noticed the extremely bad cases of people leading him to venture off outside of the palace to discover enlightenment to help everyone and rid people of suffering.

Front 11

Who was Moses, and why is he important in the Jewish faith?

Back 11

a prophet, led the Jews to the Holy Land. Received the Ten Commandments from God; this was the backbone to the Jewish values.

Front 12

Why was it so dangerous to be a Christian for the first few hundred years after Jesus died? Why did the Roman leaders often persecute/punish Christians?

Back 12

Roman leaders persecuted Christians; they were used as scapegoats for the economic and political troubles of Rome. Emperors thought that Christian ideas opposed the Roman rule and they didn’t believe in Roman gods, eventually Emperor Constantine accepted Christianity.

Front 13

Who is the Emperor Constantine and what is the Edict of Milan? Why are they both important to Christianity?

Back 13

ruler of Rome, halted the persecution of Christians, secured the East - leading to the rule of a single ruler, changed the capital from Rome to Constantinople. The Edict of Milan permanently established religious toleration for christianity in the Roman Empire.

Front 14

connection between the holy book of Judaism (The Torah) and the holy book of Christianity (New Testament).

Back 14

The Torah (Judaism) tells the history of the Jewish people and are revered by Christians, many of the teachings in Judaism are contained in the Old Testament. They relate to the Bible because the Bible is made up of both the Old and New Testament.

Front 15

What did Angel Gabriel give to the Muslim prophet Muhammad?

Back 15

the teachings of Islam (later written down in the Koran).

Front 16

Democracy

Back 16

a government controlled by its citizens either directly or through representatives

Front 17

Republic

Back 17

form of government in which power is in the hands of representatives and leaders are elected by the people

Front 18

Empire

Back 18

political unit in which a number of peoples or countries are controlled by a single ruler

Front 19

Tragedy

Back 19

a serious form of drama dealing with the downfall of a heroic or noble character

Front 20

Comedy

Back 20

humorous form of drama that often includes slapstick and satire

Front 21

Mercenary

Back 21

soldier who is paid to fight in a foreign army

Front 22

Inflation

Back 22

decline in the value of money accompanied with the prices of goods

Front 23

two most famous epics that Homer wrote about the Trojan War and the journey back home?

Back 23

The Iliad and The Odyssey

Front 24

Give 5 examples of contributions Greeks gave

Back 24

democracy government, Colossus of Rhodes, dramas, Olympic Games, philosophy, arts, architecture

Front 25

Battles that took place during the Persian Wars?

Back 25

Battle of Marathon where Athenians met the Persians at Marathon and defeated them there. The Battle of Thermopylae and the Battle of Salamis which the Greeks won.

Front 26

Philosophy

Back 26

study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence

Front 27

Socrates and his contributions?

Back 27

a philosopher put on trial for "corrupting the youth" made people think outside the norm, taught Plato

Front 28

Peloponnesian War? Why did it weaken Greece?

Back 28

fought between Athens and Sparta. It weakened Greece greatly because it was a civil war, leading to more citizens killing their own. This brought down their population and defenses.

Front 29

Hellenistic culture and their achievements?

Back 29

(Persian, Indian, Greek, Egyptian) was Greek culture that Alexander the Great spread, it blended with cultures of lands that Alexander the Great took over. Achievements: a Great Library, astronomy - discovering the circumference of the Earth,Euclid's geometry, Archimedes’ measure of pi, the Great Lighthouse, Colossus of Rhodes, and in philosophy, stoicism

Front 30

Which two civilizations fought each other during the Punic Wars? What were they fighting for? Who eventually won?

Back 30

Rome and Carthage. Fighting for control of the Western Mediterranean. The Romans eventually won.

Front 31

parts of the U.S. government were inspired or, are like, the Roman Republic?

Back 31

citizens voted for the people who worked in the government and the government branches shared power. They also had the first written set of laws.

Front 32

How was the Roman Republic different than the Roman Empire?

Back 32

Republic was divided into two separate parts and was then united when Julius Caesar became the ruler of the Roman Empire (Augustus was the first emperor), the Empire was all united under one ruler. A difference between the two was that in a Republic most power was held in the Senate, in an Empire the power was held by the ruler.

Front 33

Feudalism

Back 33

Nobility held lands from Crown in exchange for military service. Peasants lived with their lords in exchange for protection

Front 34

King Charlemange

Back 34

Ruled the Holy Roman Empire, he reunited Europe for the first time since the Roman Empire

Front 35

List 203 reasons that the European Middle Ages were called the Dark Ages?

Back 35

Bubonic Plague killing many, Europe plunged into darkness when the Empire fell, lack of scientific and cultural advancement