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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ziggurat
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a step pyramid designed to be used as a temple for the early Mesopotamians
known as a stairway to heaven very easy to see from vast distances |
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Upper and Lower Egypt
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going south = upstream
going north = downstream farther north = Lower Egypt farther south = Upper Egypt |
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Dharma
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a person's spiritual duties and obligations, which he/she must follow to reach liberation (moksha)
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Karma
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the sum effect of a person's action, both good and bad, which help shape future experiences
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Moksha
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ultimate goal
release from reincarnation joining with the atman achieved by following dharma |
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Oracle Bones
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The Shang sought advice through these
inscribed bits of animal bone and turtle shell ask question of an ancestor - hot piece of metal to bone creates cracks - specially trained priests interpreted the meaning of the cracks |
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Crete
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the island on which Minoans were located (Knossos, Crete)
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Odyssey
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Journey of Odyssey's 10 years at sea told in the poem named Odysseus by Homer
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Acropolis
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a typical polis built around a high area
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Agora
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marketplace
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Sparta
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military based from birth
gymnastics for women used helots (slaves) located on the Peloponneses (Southern Greece) |
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Xerzes
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son of Darius
became emperor of Persia in 486 B.C. continued to carry out his father's plan for revenge built a bridge into Greece |
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Darius
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became emperor of Persia in 522 B.C.
furious that Athens assisted Miletus set out for revenge in 490 B.C. |
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Marathon
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traditional marathon is from Pheidippide's 26 mile run from Marathon to Athens to announce victory
battle was in 490 B.C. Greeks arranged into phalanxes while the Persians were busy unloading their ships Greeks won |
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Thermopylae
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King Leonidas of Sparta held off the Persians for 3 days at Thermopylae and this action bought some valuable time for the Greeks
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Peloponnesian War
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war in which the Athens and Spartans struggled for dominance
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Plato
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philosophers should govern
lots of his own writings (especially government) |
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Socrates
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series of questions (Socratic Method)
not much of his own writings drank the poison/hemlock |
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Aristotle
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reason/logic
tutored Alexander the Great applied philosophical principles to every kind of knowledge |
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Phalanx
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a tight rectangle formation in which soldiers held long spears out ahead of a wall of shields
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Parthenon
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great temple to Athena found atop the Athenian acropolis
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Alexander the Great
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from Macedonia
father is Philip II conquered all of the Persian empire |
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Hammurabi
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Babylon's leader
Code: 282 laws dealing with everything from trade and theft to injury and murder, very similar to an eye for an eye |
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Menes
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first pharaoh of the first dynasty in Old Egypt
first pharaoh to unite upper and lower Egypt mauled to death by a hippo |
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Sumerians
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the first civilization
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Ramses II
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led his army to confront the Hittites
married a Hittite princess as a sign of peace took Egypt to its height of power |
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Amenhotep IV
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Egyptian king who changed the country's religion
changed it to monotheism of Aten (sun god) changed his name to Akhenaten wife was Nefertiti |
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Exodus
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journey in which Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt
still major event in history (Passover) celebrated with a special meal named seder |
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Zoroastrianism
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based on the teachings of a man named Zoroaster
one of 1st religions t teach dualism (the belief that the world is controlled by opposing forces, good and evil) Ahura Mazda = good Ahriman = bad fight bad by telling the truth and avoiding bad deads writings in Avesta (the sacred text of Zoroastrianism) |
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Moses
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a leader born an Israelite but raised in the pharaoh's palace
God told him to lead Israelites out of Egypt - requested it from pharaoh - pharaoh said no - God was so angered that he rained down disasters onto Egypt - pharaoh was so scared that he agreed to free the Israelites |
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David
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Israel's second kind around about 1000 B.C.
well loved and supported military leader and gifted poet and musician Israel grew into a strong kingdom centered on Jerusalem (the capital) |
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Solomon
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David's son
brought the kingdom to its highest point became rich from trading with power of the Near East built a magnificent temple in Jerusalem praised in the Hebrew Bible for his great wisdom |
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Cuneiform
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the early Mesopotamia form of record keeping that used a wedge shaped reed pressed into wet clay
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Mesopotamia
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means land between the rivers (Tygris further east)
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Neolithic
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New Stone Age
stone tools with sharp edges use of metal (copper and bronze ages) development of agriculture and domestication of animals houses of mud and brick Utzi the Iceman |
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Nomadic
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the lifestyle of nomads (people who move from place to place as they follow migrating animal herds)
hunters and gatherers men and women were most likely equals lived in small groups crude chipped stones - tools of wood/bone/stone spear-thrower string from snew practiced animism (belief that all things in nature have spirits) |
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Prehistoric
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everything that happened before written records
two stages: Old Stone Age (Paleo) 2,500,000 B.C. - 10,000 B.C. and New Stone Age (Neo) 10,000 B.C. - 4,000 B.C. dawn of civilization at 3,500 B.C. |
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Archaeology
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look for artifacts and fossilized remains (found in really dry or really cold places)
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Homo Erectus
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Upright Man
Spread to Asia and Europe USE of fire mor complex stone tools |
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Homo Habilis
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Handyman
24 million years ago in Africa very simple stone tools |
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Neanderthals
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one of the species of Homo Sapiens
died off by 30,000 B.C., they were extinct |
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Babylon
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a
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Nineveh
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Assyria's capital
hosted the largest library with more than 20,000 cuneiform tablets collected from across the empire Ex: Epic of Gilgamesh |
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Phoenicians
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b
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Torah
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the combination of the 5 books that account Hebrews' early history
most sacred text of Judaism part of the Hebrew bible laws Jews are expected to follow w/the history Ex: Exodus |
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Assyrians
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g
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Three Egyptian Kingdoms
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t
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Imhotep
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most famous architect in Egyptian culture
designed first pyramid ever built in Egypt great physician, also now the God of medicine and healing |
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Mojenjo-Daro
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means mound of the dead
discovered in the 1920s one of the two cities that were the first ruins of the Indus Valley civilization that were found |
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Confucius
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real name is kongfuzi
born around 550 B.C. believed that people should treat one another humanely, express love and respect by practicing traditional manners and rituals believed that this love and respect had disappeared during his lifetime and he could restore it by having respect for tradition influential in Chinese history |
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Analects
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Confucius's thoughts on how to improve society were collected in this book
treat subjects, rules, families, children, elders correctly educated people must devote themselves to public service |
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Eightfold Path
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a series of steps that Buddhists believe leas to enlightenment and salvation
follow them, reach Nirvana basic teachings of the Eightfold Path can be expressed as the Middle Way (advises people to live in moderation, avoiding the extremes of either comfort or discomfort in the search for nirvana) |
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Daoism
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m
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Athens
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n
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