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40 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Ren
compassion - that includes relationships with a large web of people (beyond your relatives and friends
Xiao
filial Piety - male children sacrifices (take care of) for Parents.
Yi
right action - what you should do may require sacrifice for the good of many people (also best for you in the long run)
Li
Propriety - holy rituals - manners, harmony
Chung
Loyalty: means doing whatever is necessary to do the best for the community
Shu
reciprocity: do what is best for another and they will do what is best for you
Explain one major difference between Protestant magisterial and radical reformers.
Unlike the Catholics and other Protestants, most Anabaptists believed in the completeseparation of church and state. Government was to be excluded from the realm of religion and could not exercise political jurisdiction over real Christians. Anabaptists refused to hold political office or to bear arms because many took the commandment “thou shall not kill” literally.
Text says that Anabaptists were regarded as dangerous and radical for this religious/political stand and therefore what the Protestants and Catholics did agree on was the need to persecute Anabaptists
Identify and explain three ways the Roman Catholic Church responded to the Protestant schism in the 16th century
Council of Trent, Jesuits, Reformed Papacy.
Council of Trent: (1545)
 Attempt of reconciliation between Protestants and Catholics at Regensburg, Germany. Were able to agree on reconciliation. Could not reconcile papal authority and interpretation of scripture. At council reaffirmed traditional Catholic teaching in opposition to Protestant beliefs.
 Scripture and tradition were affirmed as equal authorities and only the church could interpret scripture.
 Both faith and good works declared necessary for salvation belief in purgatory…
 Index of forbidden books and imprimatur (books that are approved)
 Restriction on the sale of indulgences
 Education of clergy, require each diacist to set up its own seminary
 Bishop required to visit and be actively involved in diacist
The Jesuits
 Founded by Ignatius of Loyola
 New religious order that was grounded on the principles of absolute obedience to the papacy, a strict hierarchical order for the society, the use of education to achieve its goals, and a dedication to engage in “conflict for God.”
Reformed Papacy
 Pope Paul III perceived the need for change and appointed a reform commission to ascertain the church's ills (the popes and cardinals were very corrupt at this time). Paul III was the one who officially recognized the Jesuits and began the Council of Trent.
• Roland Bainton's three categories explaining how societies have worked out the relationship between religion and government. Name, explain, give concrete examples
Territorial Solution, Comprehensive Solution, Religious Liberty Solution.
territorial Solution
the territorial leader rules over religion. Prince decides what form of Christianity will control territory
Comprehensive Solution
 Elizabeth I
broad view of church (Anglican or via media).
 Goal to create national unity.
Religious Liberty SOlution
 State not to legislate how to worship God
 Tried and failed in the Netherlands and Poland
Five Pillars of Islam
oShahadah - The Testimony of Faith - there is no god but Allah and Muhammed is his prophet
oPrayer- 5 times a day
oAlms - supporting the poor.
oFasting- during the month of Ramadan.
oThe Pilgrimage to Mecca
Individualism
 Solitude and privacy, wage earners (rather than serfs creates mobility), reading for themselves (oral to literate culture).
 Ex: Protestantism and Martin Luther - Luther's reform possible because people were becoming individualized, he encouraged them to read and think for themselves.
Bureaucratization
more leadership in factories. People in charge of other people
Rationalization
rules that apply to everyone that are written down, and you can refer back to them.
Descartes is Model
Specialization
factories had people doing specialized jobs in the factories.
 Ex: Different companies that specialize in making clothes, or shoes
Globalization
- the trading companies globalize the world by bringing cultures together.
 China started this in the 1400's by developing ships that started exploring at least to East Africa.
Standardization
- everything can be made by machines and so can do the same things over and over again.
 Ex: During the Industrial Revolution clothing could be bought in standard sizes (do not have to make clothes for each person individually any more
Biblical
John Winthrop-Believed in covenantal Christian communities
Republican
Thomas Jefferson- Believed in a nation of shop keepers and farmers.
Utilitarian Individualism
Ben Franklin- ‘Pulling ones self up by his bootstraps’…Self improvement
Expressive Individualism
Emerson, Thoreau- Divinity within ones own soul
Four american Culture traditions
Biblical, republican, Utilitarian, expressive
Tool Using Society
- Is able to use tools but when tool usage and discoveries collide with traditions, the tool is destroyed. It is difficult to find a too-using culture, however some third world countries today are still tool using, and until the seventeenth century; all cultures were tool-users by definition. The telescope threatened the church, he was shunned by the church would have been banned from use (example of tool using society thought). Tools were largely invented to do two things: to solve specific and urgent problems of physical life, such as in the use of waterpower, windmills, and the heavy- wheeled plow; or to serve the symbolic world of art, politics, myth, ritual, and religion, as in the construction of castles and cathedrals and the development of the mechanical clock.
Technocracy
In a technocracy, tools play a central role in the thought-world of the culture. Everything must give way, in some degree, to their development. The social and symbolic worlds become increasingly subject to the requirements of that development. Tools are not integrated into the culture; they attack the culture. They bid to become the culture. As a consequence, tradition, social mores, myth, politics, ritual, and religion have to fight for importance.
Technopoly
eliminates alternatives to itself. It does not make them illegal. It does not make them immoral. It does not even make them unpopular. It makes them invisible and therefore irrelevant. And it does so by redefining what we mean by religion, by art, by family, by politics, by history, by truth, by privacy, by intelligence, so that our definitions fit its new requirements. In other words, it is a totalitarian technocracy
Rational Enlightenment (1688-1750)
Emphasized balance, order, and compromise and was portrayed in the religious wars of the time that attempted to gain religious toleration. Some key figures were John Lock and Newton
Skeptical Enlightenment(1750-1789)
was a time of pessimism that focused on the limitation of our knowledge. Some key figures were Voltaire and Diderot.
Revolutionary Enlightenment
(1776-1800)
Began with the Declaration of Independence and was a time of primitivism. A key figure was Rousseau.
Ways in which Deborah Whitley and Siima Daad world views collide.
1)freedom of speech vs. intellectual crime
2)the Veil: inequality vs. rotection
3)Media: healthy exposure vs. contamination
Ways in which Deborah Whitley and Sima Daads views Agree
1)Family values, protection of children
2)value of education
3)That there is a lack of interaction with the opposite culture that forces them into the paradigms that they find themselves in now.
Explain how William McNeill describe History.
He defines it as a “carefully and critically constructed collective memory."
Romanticism
is a style in the fine arts and literature. It emphasizes passion rather than reason, and imagination and intuition rather than logic.
Romantic Art... ie
Casper David Friedrich's painting of the natural world
Romantic Literature
Grimms Fairy Tales, Ivanhoe, Moby Dick...Misunderstood characters
Romantic Politics
stresses freedom for the individual. It rejects restricting social conventions and unjust political rule. nationalism. Time of both American Revolution and French Revolution