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111 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where did the first homo-sapiens emerge?
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Africa
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What advancements were made by Paleolithic peoples?
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first tools
use of fire oral language cave art |
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The beginning of agriculture
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Neolithic Age
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What advancements were made during the Neolithic Age
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agriculture
domestication of animals used advanced tools pottery and weaving skills |
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How do archaeologists date remains
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Carbon 14
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Where was Egyptian civilization located
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Nile River in Egypt
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What is Mesopotamia
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land between two rivers (Tigris and Euphrates)
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On what river was India's ancient civilization?
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Indus
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On what river did Shang civilization emerge?
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Huang He
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Fertile Crescent
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crescent-shaped area of fertile land extending from the Persian Gulf and Mesopotamia to the Mediterranean Sea
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What two products were traded by Phoenicia?
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purple dye and cedar wood
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What was the first monotheistic religion
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Hebrew/Jewish
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Who is often considered to have written the first code of laws?
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Hammurabi
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Sumerian writing system--the world's first
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cuneiform
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burial chambers for Eygpt's pharaohs
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Pyramids
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Book containing the written records and beliefs of Hebrews
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Torah
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Religiou and moral code of conduct for Hebrews
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Ten Commandments
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two prophets of Judaism
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Abraham and Moses
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Who developed the first alphabet
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Phoenicians
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ancient Egyptian writing
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Hieroglyphics
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Persian prophet
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Zoroaster
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Empire that controlled the Iranian Plateau and was tolerant over conquered peoples
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Persia
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Developed the caste system
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Aryans
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Golden Age of Ancient India when new textiles were made, literature and mathematics were advanced
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Gupta
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Rigidly structured organization of society based on occupation
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caste system
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Religion which included caste system
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Hindu
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Brahma
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Hindu god/creator who takes on many forms
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Holy books of Hinduism
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Vedas and Upanishads
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belief that future incarnation is based on present behavior
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karma (Hindu)
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religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama
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Buddhism
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his missionaries and their writings spread Buddhism from India to China and other parts of Asia
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Asoka
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Eightfold Path and Four Noble Truths
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Buddhist religious doctrine/beliefs, explain suffering and correct behavior
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connected East Asia and southwest Asia facilitating trade between China and Rome/Byzantine
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Silk Road
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Contributions made by classical China
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porcelain
silk civil service paper gunpowder |
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often credited with construction of the Great Wall of China
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Shi Huangti
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connected East Asia and southwest Asia facilitating trade between China and Rome/Byzantine
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Silk Road
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connected East Asia and southwest Asia facilitating trade between China and Rome/Byzantine
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Silk Road
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Chinese built this as a defensive barrier against invasion
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Great Wall of China
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Chinese belief that their rulers were divine and would only rule as long as they were just
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Mandate of Heaven
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connected East Asia and southwest Asia facilitating trade between China and Rome/Byzantine
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Silk Road
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Beliefs include: belief that humans are good, respect, politeness, government is good, education, ancestor worship
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Confucianism
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founder of Taoism
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Lao Tzu
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Teaches harmony with nature, humility, simple life
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Taoism
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religion that spread from China throughout Asia
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Buddhism
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Describe Greece's geography?
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Peninsula with limited fertile land making trade necessary that controlled the Aegean Sea. Mild climate promoted life outdoors. Need to colonize abroad for land and because of overpopulation
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Zeus
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king of Greek Olympic gods
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Hera
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Queen/mother of Greek gods
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Aprhodite
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Greek goddess of love
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Type of government Athens had during its golden age
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direct democracy
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tyrant reformer of Athens whose laws were too harsh
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Draco
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tyrant-reformer who made Athens more democratic
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Solon
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Who could not participate in Athens' democracy?
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women, slaves, foreigners
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militaristic city-state with an oligarchy; rivaled Athens
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Sparta
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Wars between Greece and Persia
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Persian Wars
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Two victories for Greece over Persia in the Persian Wars
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Marathon and Salamis
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Why was the Persian Wars important to the development of Greek culture?
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led to the creation of the Delian League; temporary unification of Greek city-states; led to Athenian Golden Age
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leader of the Athenian Golden Age
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Pericles
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wars between Athens and its Delian League and Sparta and its allies
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Peloponnesian War
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Results of the Peloponnesian War
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ended Athenian Golden Age; ripe for attack by Philip II
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Greek marketplace and meeting place
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agora
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great temple built during the reign of Pericles with oversight by Phidias
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Parthenon
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Greek fortified hill
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Acropolis
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first playwright
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Aeschylus
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writer of the Iliad and Odyssey
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Homer
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great Greek sculptor of Athena and Zeus
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Phidias
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Father of History; wrote Persian Wars
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Herodotus
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wrote of the Peloponnesian Wars
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Thucydides
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developed the water screw, pi, and improved use of lever
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Archimedes
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father of scientific medicine
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Hippocrates
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father of geometry
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Euclid
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great philosopher who was sentenced to death; taught knowledge is the greatest virtue
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Socrates
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wrote the Republic; student of Socrates
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Plato
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teacher of Alexander the Great
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Aristotle
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student of Plato; scientifically classified plants and animals; logic
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Aristotle
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responsible for spreading Hellenistic culture
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Alexander the Great
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Greek-like culture that blended with Oriental cultures
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Hellenistic
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Describe Rome's geography
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centrally located in Mediterranean Basin, Alps provided some protection, fertile soil
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Modern day France
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Gaul
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Our planets are named after
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Roman gods and goddesses
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Jupiter
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king of Roman gods
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Venus
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Goddess of love (Rome)
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patricians
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powerful nobility of Rome
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plebeians
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majority of Romans; commoners
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Laws of Rome
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12 Tables
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Rome's laws guaranteed
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Innocent until proven guilty
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Wars between Rome and Carthage
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Punic Wars
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Carthaginian general who invaded Rome during the Second Punic War
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Hannibal
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How did Rome gain control of the western Med. and trade through the region
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Victory against Carthage in Punic Wars
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Causes for the decline of the Roman Republic
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spread of slavery,
migration of small farmers to the cities, civil war and the death of Julius Caesar, and inflation |
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Why was Julius Caesar assassinated
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Some senators felt he was becoming too powerful
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who defeated Mark Antony to become Rome's first emperor
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Augustus
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who was the emperor who began the Pax Romana
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Augustus
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200 year period of peace and prosperity for the Roman Empire
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Pax Romana
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As Rome's empire grew, what happened to the power of the senate
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went down
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What was the impact of the Pax Romana
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uniform system of currency, safe travel and trade, expansion of the Roman Empire, social stability
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Who was the apostle who spread Christianity to the people of the Roman Empire
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Paul
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Which Roman emperor legalized and adopted Christianity
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Constantine
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Edict of Milan
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legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire (Constantine)
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book that tells of the life and teachings of Jesus
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New Testament
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monotheistic
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belief in one god
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As Rome's empire fell, what happened to the power of the Catholic Church
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it increased
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Roman architectural contributions
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dome, road, Pantheon, Colosseum, aqueduct, Roman arch
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language of Rome
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Latin
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the Romance languages (Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, French, etc.) are based on
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Latin
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writer of the Aenied
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Virgil
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belief in many gods
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polytheistic
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Why did the Western Roman Empire decline?
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cost of defense, inflation, moral decay, political problems, civil wars, unclear line of succession, invasions by barbarians
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Two reforms by Constantine
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legalized Christianity and move capital to Constantinople, previously Byzantium
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Capital of the Byzantine Empire
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Constantinople
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Zoroater
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Persian religious prophet
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Who were the invaders of the Indian subcontinent?
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Aryans
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