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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
controlled spice trade
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Arab and Venetian merchants
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used by sailors who traveled beyond the sight of land to determine in which directon they were traveling
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positions of stars and sun
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enabled sailors to determine geographical direction
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compass
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used to determine the altitude of the sun or other heavenly bodies
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astrolabe
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mapmaker
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cartographer
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introduced the grid system of map references based on the coordinates of latitude and longitude
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Ptolemy
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the best European ships that sailed the seas
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caravel
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the first European country to venture out on the Atlantic Ocean in search of spices and gold
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Portugal
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not a sailor; he brought together mapmakers, mathematicians and astronomers to study navigation; sponsored many voyages
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Prince Henry the Navigator
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discovered the southern tip of Africa - Cape of Good Hope
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Bartholomeu Dias
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led four ships and pioneered a water route to India
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Vasco da Gama
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Spanish rulers who entered the race for Asian riches by backing the Italian Christopher Columbus
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King Ferdiannd and Queen Isabella
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Columbus' 3 small ships
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Nina (Little Girl), Pinta and Santa Maria
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where Columbus landed; visited Hispanola and Cuba; called people "Indians"
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Bahamas
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"Admiral of the Ocean, Sea, Viceroy and Governor of the Islands he hath discovered in the Indies"
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Columbus
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suggested that Columbus had discovered a "New World"
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Amerigo Vespucci
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imaginary line running down the middle of the Atlantic from the North Pole to the South Pole; Spain -west; Portugal-East
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Lline of Demarcation
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completed the first circumnavigation of the globe
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Ferdinand Magellan
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circling the globe
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circumnavigation
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narrow water passageway near the southern tip of South America
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Strait of Magellan
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calm south sea that Magellan named after going through the strait
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Pacific Ocean
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claimed to divide the world between Spain and Portugal
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Treaty of Tordesillas
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led an expedition of 13 ships to India for Portugal; controlled the Indian Ocean and colonized Brazil
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Pedro Alvares Cabral
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Spanish conquerors who came to Americas to "serve God and his Majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness and to grow rich
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Conquistadors
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Spanish conquistador who landed in Mexico; killed the Aztecs and after 3 years ruled Mexico
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Hernan Cortes
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Spanish conquistador who invaded the Inca empire in Peru; massacred the Incas
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Francisco Pizarro
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"royal representatives" who ruled local provinces with the advice of councils of spanish settlers
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viceroys
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Spain had two goals of its American empire
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10 to acquire wealth 2) to convert Native Americans to Christianity
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priest who tried to protect the Native Americans
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Bartomome de las Casas
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world's largest commercial city
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Amsterdam in the Netherlands
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English navigator who claimed land for the Dutch; founded the Dutch East India Company
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Henry Hudson
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Dutch settled where
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New AMsterdam on Manhattan Island and Africa - Boers settled at the Cape of Good Hope
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played only a small part in the early voyages because of conflicts and civil wars
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Frend and English
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French hire this Italian captain to find a Northwest Passage through American to Asia
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Giovanni da Verrazano
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French navigator who sailed up the St. Lawrence seaway - Montreal, Canada
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Jaques Cartier
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French mapmaker founded Quebec
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Samule de Champlain
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explored the MIsdsissippi Valley
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Missionaries Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet
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earliest English settlement in North AMerica - in Virginia
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Jamestown
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devoust Protestants who sought religious freedom by establishing Plymouth in MA
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Pilgrims
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by the 1600's this had replaced the city and village as the basic economic unit in Europe
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the nation
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individuals who combined money, ideas, raw materials and labor to make goods and profits
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entrepreneurs
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a theory that held that a state's power depended on its wealth
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mercantilism
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gold or silver
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bullion
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the transfer of porducts from continent to continent brought changes in the ways of llife throughout the world
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Columbian Exchange
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the difference in value between what a nation imports and what it exprots over a period of time
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balance of trade
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