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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How did the government change during the Dorian period?
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- By the end of the Dorain period, government became more formal.
- Went from clan/tribal groups to city-states |
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Polis:
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- City-state
- Fundamental political unit in ancient Greece - Had diff types of governments |
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Acropolis:
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- fortified hilltop where people in Greece gathered to discuss government issues.
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Monarchy:
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- government ruled by a single person – the king
- ruling is heredetary - practiced in Mecynae |
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Aristocracy:
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- A government ruled by wealthy families
- rulling is heredetary (based on family ties), and based on soical rank -practiced by Atheans prior to 594 BC |
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Oligarchy:
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- A government ruled by a few powerful people.
- Rule is based on wealth or ability - Started by disgruntled wealthy merchants in SParta who did not like the aristocrats. |
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Tyrants:
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- Powerful wealthy individuals who took over government from the city state rulers when they didn't like what the rulers were doing
-appealed to common people for support. -Considered nice and good leaders who supported ordinary people and looked out for them - set up building programs for them (jobs) |
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Helot:
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- Messenians peasants that were forced to work the land for the Spartans and give them 1/2 the crop
- Messenians hated this -->rebelled |
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Assembly:
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- Athenian government meeting
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Council of Elders:
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- Made up of 30 older citizens that made laws - SParta
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What type of government did Athens have?
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- Democracy – ruled by the people
- people participated in political decision making |
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DRAKOS
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- Noble person who took power of Athens
- Athens' 1st step towards democracy |
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SOLON
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- Introduced more democratic means
1)Allowed all citizens to participate in the Athenian Assembly 2)Organized Athenians according to 4 social classes according to wealth 3)Did away with debt slavery |
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Cleisthenes
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1) Broke up nobility
by Organizing people according to geography instead of wealth 2) Increased the power of assembly by allowing citizens to submit ideas for laws 3)Created the Council 500 |
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Council 500
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Proposed laws and counciled the assembly
- Members chosen by lot and at random - Reform of Cleisthenes |
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Who can become an Athenian citizen?
(under Cleisthenes's "direct democracy" |
Only male owners that were born in Athens
- Women, slaves - not allowed to become citiens- |
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Education in Athens
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-Sons of Wealthy families received the best education
- Girls could not attend school – left at home- ( Women not important in Athenian life) - focus on athletics and politics |
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Sparta
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- Located in S Greece called Peloponnesus
- Built Military state - Conquered the Messenians (neighbors) and made them helots - Messenians rebelled |
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Spartan Life
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- boys' life devoted to getting ready to be soldiers (harsh conditions - fm 7-30 yrs)
- Did not value arts or school - Valued strength, and discipline over freedom, individuality, and learning - Daily life for men military training - girls & women taught to put service military above everything |
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What was the main social problem that Spartans had to face?
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-Spartans wanted Messenians to work for them as helots, but they were out numbered by the mssenians 8 to 1. Which made sparta them very vunurable to revolts.
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Why did Spartans become a warrior State?
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Sparta hated the pther city- states including Athens, which instead of building a domocracy they built a military state
- Also their proximity to water made them vulnerable to invaders |
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Why could Athens develop a “direct democracy”?
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Because they avoided major political upheavals by making timely reforms, so the athenian reformers moved toward domocracy
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Name the social groups that did not have political representation in Athens.
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1) women
2) people who where not landowners 3)people not born in AThens (all excluded from citizenship and had limited rights) |
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Which forms of government were based on wealth or property ownership?
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1)aristocracy
2) oligarchy 3) monarchy (heredetary from the noble)?? |
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How could Athenians prevent the emergence of a civil war?
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the citizens how the power for political decision makeing
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How were Polis city state made up of?
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- a city and its surrounding countryside
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What are the different types of government present in Greece (in its city states)
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1) monarchy
2) aristocracy 3) oligarchy 4) democracy |
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DARKOS' CONTRIBUTIONS
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1)- 1st step towards democcracy
2) Made his own legal code - harsh punishments for crime (cap. punishment) 3) Upheld debt slavery too |
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What ws the main difference b/n the governements of Spart and Athens?
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Sparta's governtment - military based
Athens - democracy |
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How was Spartan Government set up?
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1) Assembly - composed of all Spartan citizens and officials -> voted on all issues
2) Council of Elders- proposed new laws (30 elders) 3) 5 Elected Officials - carried out laws passed by the Assembly - -----controlled courts ----controlled school |
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Contributions of Greeks to us
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1) math
2) architecture and art 3) Olypic games 4) DEMOCRACY |
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what were Greek dinner parties called?
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Symposiums
-only men could attend (unless women were performing for them) |
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How were schools in Greece?
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- ran privately by teachers
-only boys could attend -family slave would go with the boys and punish them if they did not pay attention |
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Letters in Greek Alphabet
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24
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PAN
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- a mythical Greek Spirit -1/2 man + 1/2 GOAT
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role of slaves in Greece
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-were traded in Greek markets
- did most of the housework -were trusted and well treated (ex - watch kids in schools) |
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ORACLE of DELPHI
- what? -where? |
- most respected Greek oracle
-people went for advice and profecies -located at Temple of Apollo |
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Pythia
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- the lady who worked at the temple of Apollo who spoke on behalf of Apollo
- she chanted her response in euphoria (attributed to the gases) (just a job ) |
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What gasses existed in the Appollo Temple? Origin?
What effect did these have on the pythia? |
- ehylene, methane, ethane
-came from the 2 intersection of 2 faults there (Delphi and Kerna) - cause the pythia to be put into a trance, gave euphoria, followed by amnescia |
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What did Athens do politically that distinguished it from the other city-states?
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- slowly it took steps to develop a democracy :
1) Draco's legal code - equality among all AThenians 2)Solon outlawed slavery and allowed everyone to file charges ( law suit) against someone who did something wrong 3)Cleisthenes broke up the noble social structure and restructured citizens around geography rather than wealth. Allowed citizens to submit proposals for new laws ===> limited democracy |
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What was the main driving force behind that Sparta becoming a military state?
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the fear of a helot revolt
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What was the main driving force behind Athens becoming a democracy?
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the struggles b/n the rich and the poor
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phalanx
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-"spear in 1 hand and shield on other"
-how the Spartan army composed of foot soldiers called "hoplites" were armed -became the most feared army in the ancient world |
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Persian Wars
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-Wars b/n Greece and the Persians
- began on the coast of Anatolia where the Greeks had been settled -triggered by an attack by the Persians lead by Persian King Darius -later the Persians attacked Marathon (Greece) in revenge but were defeated by the strong greek army -later a few more Persian attacks on other cities, but in the end Greece was able to sink a lot of Percians ships and the Persians left Greece |
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How did the Persian Wars affect the people of Greece?
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The Greeks ultimately defeated the Persians so they were very happy
- Set the stage for a "dazzling burst of creativity in Athens" - The city was entering a "brief Golden Age" |
