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61 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Catholic
universal or encompassing all
pope
Papa "Father-protector"
Roman sacramental system
human traditions and Bible doctrines
mass
priests transforms bread and juice into the actual body and blood of Jesus
transubstantiation
miracle of bread and juice becoming actual body and blood of Jesus
clergy
enlisted men that served; warriors
secular clergy
conducted services
regular clergy
fighting forces
laity
non-enlisted
purgatory
promoted by Pope Gregory I; a place of punishment for sins not forgiven
Leo I
bishop of Rome; hailed as a pope
Petrine threory
Peter was first pope; held supreme authority over church
Benedictine Rule
strict rules on lives of Monks
Patrick
missionary to Ireland
Boniface
missionary; known as "Apostle to the Germans"
Gregory I
early Medieval Pope; "the Great" 1st pope
a sacrament
automatically grants grace by performance
do-nothing kings
rulers who were drunk, immoral, and had family turmoil
they reigned but did not rule
Clovis
Head of Frankish tribe in northern Gaul "King of Franks"
cried out to God 3000 of his men were baptized
Conversion for convenience or coercion
Merovingian House
ruling royal family of Clovis; constant quarreling
Mayor of the Palace
had real power; principle official; supervised king's household - money, military, administration
Pepin II
mayor of Frankish state in 7th century
Charles Martel
"the Hammer" ; best mayor of palace
732
Charles Martel stopped the advance of Muslims into Europe during Battle of Tours
Pepin the Short
Mayor after dad, Charles; the pope made him King of France
Carolingian House
officially ruled the Franks; Charlemagne was a member of the ruling power
Lombards
now called Lambardy; German people moved into northern Italy
Donation of Pepin
Papal States
He defeated the Lombards and gave land to pope
Charlemagne
Charles the Great; mother - "Big Foot Bertha"; height 7 times length of his foot
Missi dominici
messenger of the king; envoys; reported to different districts
800
Charlemagne crowned emperor of Rome
Alcuin
scholar that taught king's children
Carolingian minuscule
beautiful handwriting
Charles the Bald
took West Frankland
Louis the German
took East Frankland
Lothair
emperor and ruled between the other 2 brothers
Magyars
Asiatic nomads; Hungarians
Vikings
most feared invaders; fearless warriors, skilled seamen, daring adventures
feudalism
political system where rulers offered the people protection in return for their services
Lord
land holding nobles
Fief
land grants; in return for military services
Vassal
king;s servant
sub-infeudation
partitioning of a fief by a new vassal
homage
ceremony where a man becomes a vassal and eligible to be a fief
investiture
lord hands a vassal a stick or clod of ground; symbolizes faithfulness of the vassal
aids
financial payment for special occasions
castle
center of life for nobles; comes from word meaning fort or fortress
knight
important to the protection of life and property; brave and strong man ; later restricted to nobles
page
age 7; developed mind and body; academically strong
squire
midteens; a servant to a knight; age 21 could become eligible to be a knight
chivalry
horseman or calvary
tournament
2 types of fighting;
joust - between 2 knights on horseback with lances
Melee - team competition
peace of God
church forbade the pillage of property and protection to noncombatants in society
truce of God
limited fighting to specific days
manor
home of majority of people living in western Europe; a self-containing farming community
2 field system
plant one field
one is dormant
reverse the next year
3 field system
plant on in spring, one in fall, one is dormant
freeman
more privileged peasants; skilled laborers; some owned land and some rented
serfs
slaves had use of small land portion; bound to land where born
week work
work time devoted by days to the Lord of the Manor
order to become a knight
page, squire, knight