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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Catholic
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universal or encompassing all
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pope
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Papa "Father-protector"
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Roman sacramental system
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human traditions and Bible doctrines
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mass
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priests transforms bread and juice into the actual body and blood of Jesus
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transubstantiation
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miracle of bread and juice becoming actual body and blood of Jesus
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clergy
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enlisted men that served; warriors
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secular clergy
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conducted services
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regular clergy
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fighting forces
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laity
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non-enlisted
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purgatory
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promoted by Pope Gregory I; a place of punishment for sins not forgiven
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Leo I
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bishop of Rome; hailed as a pope
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Petrine threory
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Peter was first pope; held supreme authority over church
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Benedictine Rule
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strict rules on lives of Monks
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Patrick
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missionary to Ireland
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Boniface
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missionary; known as "Apostle to the Germans"
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Gregory I
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early Medieval Pope; "the Great" 1st pope
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a sacrament
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automatically grants grace by performance
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do-nothing kings
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rulers who were drunk, immoral, and had family turmoil
they reigned but did not rule |
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Clovis
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Head of Frankish tribe in northern Gaul "King of Franks"
cried out to God 3000 of his men were baptized Conversion for convenience or coercion |
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Merovingian House
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ruling royal family of Clovis; constant quarreling
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Mayor of the Palace
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had real power; principle official; supervised king's household - money, military, administration
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Pepin II
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mayor of Frankish state in 7th century
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Charles Martel
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"the Hammer" ; best mayor of palace
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732
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Charles Martel stopped the advance of Muslims into Europe during Battle of Tours
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Pepin the Short
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Mayor after dad, Charles; the pope made him King of France
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Carolingian House
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officially ruled the Franks; Charlemagne was a member of the ruling power
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Lombards
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now called Lambardy; German people moved into northern Italy
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Donation of Pepin
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Papal States
He defeated the Lombards and gave land to pope |
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Charlemagne
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Charles the Great; mother - "Big Foot Bertha"; height 7 times length of his foot
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Missi dominici
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messenger of the king; envoys; reported to different districts
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800
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Charlemagne crowned emperor of Rome
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Alcuin
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scholar that taught king's children
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Carolingian minuscule
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beautiful handwriting
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Charles the Bald
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took West Frankland
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Louis the German
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took East Frankland
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Lothair
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emperor and ruled between the other 2 brothers
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Magyars
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Asiatic nomads; Hungarians
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Vikings
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most feared invaders; fearless warriors, skilled seamen, daring adventures
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feudalism
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political system where rulers offered the people protection in return for their services
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Lord
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land holding nobles
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Fief
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land grants; in return for military services
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Vassal
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king;s servant
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sub-infeudation
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partitioning of a fief by a new vassal
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homage
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ceremony where a man becomes a vassal and eligible to be a fief
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investiture
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lord hands a vassal a stick or clod of ground; symbolizes faithfulness of the vassal
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aids
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financial payment for special occasions
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castle
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center of life for nobles; comes from word meaning fort or fortress
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knight
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important to the protection of life and property; brave and strong man ; later restricted to nobles
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page
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age 7; developed mind and body; academically strong
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squire
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midteens; a servant to a knight; age 21 could become eligible to be a knight
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chivalry
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horseman or calvary
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tournament
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2 types of fighting;
joust - between 2 knights on horseback with lances Melee - team competition |
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peace of God
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church forbade the pillage of property and protection to noncombatants in society
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truce of God
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limited fighting to specific days
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manor
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home of majority of people living in western Europe; a self-containing farming community
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2 field system
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plant one field
one is dormant reverse the next year |
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3 field system
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plant on in spring, one in fall, one is dormant
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freeman
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more privileged peasants; skilled laborers; some owned land and some rented
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serfs
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slaves had use of small land portion; bound to land where born
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week work
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work time devoted by days to the Lord of the Manor
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order to become a knight
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page, squire, knight
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