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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chivalry
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Code of behavior for knights in medieval Europe, stressing ideals such as courage, loyalty, and devotion
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Reconquista
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the effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain, lasting from 1100 to 1492.
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Renaissance
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a period of European history, lasting from about 1300 to 1600, during which renewed interest in classical culture led to far-reaching changes in art, learning, and views of the world.
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Divine Right
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the idea that monarchs are God’s representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to God
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Reign of Terror
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the period from mid-1793 to mid-1794 when Maximilien Robespierre ruled France nearly as a dictator and thousands of political figures and ordinary citizens were executive
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Anglican
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relating to the Church of England
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Portcullis
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a grating of iron hung over the gateway of a fortified place and lowered between grooves to prevent passage
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Absolutism
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political believe that one ruler should hold all the power within the boundaries of a country.
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tithe
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a family’s payment of one-tenth of its income to a Church
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serf
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a medieval peasant legally bound to live on a lord’s estate
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Encomienda System
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a grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the America’s including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it
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Restoration
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the period of Charles II’s rule over England, after the collapse of Oliver Cromwell’s government
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Calvinism
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a body of religious teachings based on the ideas of the reformer John Calvin
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Protestant
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a member of a Christian Church founded on the principles of the Reformation
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Parapet
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a wall, rampart, or elevation of earth or stone to protect soldiers
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Richard the Lionhearted
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English king who was one of three leaders that led the Third Crusade.
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Clergy
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a body of officials who perform religious services – such as priests, ministers, or rabbis
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Humanism
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a Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements
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Czar
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A Russian emperor
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Bourgeoisie
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the middle class of the Third Estate made up of bankers, factory owners, merchants, professionals, and skilled artisans.
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Lutheran
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a member of a Protestant church founded on the teachings of Martin Luther
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Mercantilism
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an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought.
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Glorious Revolution
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the bloodless overthrow of the English king James II and his replacement by William and Mary
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Inquisition
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a Roman Catholic tribunal for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy – especially the one active in Spain during the 1400s
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Crusades
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one of the expeditions in which medieval Christian warriors sought to recover control of the Holy Land from the Muslims
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Vernacular
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the everyday language of people in a region or country
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Boyer
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a landowning noble of Russia
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Great Fear
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a wave of senseless panic that spread through the French countryside after the storming of the Bastille in 1789.
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Presbyterian
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a member of a Protestant church governed by presbyters (elders) and founded on the teachings of John Knox
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Conquistador
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the Spanish soldiers, explorers, and fortune hunters who took part in the conquest of the Americas in the 16th century.
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Fief
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an estate granted to a vassal by a lord under the feudal system in medieval Europe
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Predestination
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the doctrine that God has decided all things beforehand, including which people will be eternally saved
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