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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Three branches of gov. according to Montesquieu
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Legislative- Congress
Executive- President and Agencies Judicial=Courts |
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Dictator
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only one ruler
gets to power by force and skill ex-Hitler |
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Absolute Monarchy
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one ruler=king/queen
gets to power by inheritance Ex- king louis of france |
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Constitutional Monarchy
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many rulers
power by inheritance ex=queen elizabeth |
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Direct Democracy
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Many people vote to make laws
ex=ancient anthens, greece |
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Representative Democracy(another word=)
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Republic
Many people people vote for rep's who create laws ex=us and rome |
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Plato
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$$= bad because causes greed and war
Direct democ is bad because it allows poor/uneducated to vote, and because it killed socrates wrote book call the republic ideal gov= philosopher-king who is educated, unselfish, and serves common interest, intelligent, and only voted in by educated. Tyrants=greedy and selfish |
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Aristotle
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wrote politics
direct democ bad because allows poor and uneducated to vote ideal gov= set of laws, serves common interest |
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Divine Right Theory
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King/queen are chosen by god
king/queen= absolute monarch if you disobey them you disobey god created to maintain power |
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Magna Carta
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Signed by king john and his barons/nobles
it limited the power of the king king shares power w/his advisors 1925 advisors/council called:Parliament The Divine Right Theory is ignored English gov is now a limited monarchy, works w/consent of people, gurantees rights |
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Parliament
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advisors to king/queen of england
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the scientific revolution
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time period 1700s
used reason instead of faith or emotion used scientific studies & observations to develop "natural laws" which are truths about how the world really works |
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the enlightenment
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time period 1700s
people questions &/or challeneged traditional and religious beliefs used reason instead of faith or emotion philosophers like John Locke used reason and ovservation to make truths about how social and political world worked Locke said absolute gov's were not the best |
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John Locke
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People are born "good"
People deserve unalienable rights or natural rights like liberty(freedom),life/pursuit of happiness, and property. god gave us them ideal gov= democ/constitutional monarchy, any gov that protects or does not take away our natural rights, any gov operating on our approval or advis, gov must have a social contract with the people |
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Social Contrat
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involves the gov and the people,
the gov has to protect the people's nat. rights, and the people have to pay taxes, vote, community service, obey laws, draft, and jury duty |
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Declaration of independence
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the english king broke the socail contract by taking away peoples natural rights and Locke inspired the USA to cread the dec of independence and kick out the king
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purpose of 3 branches of gov
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To prevent 1 leader from having all the power, prevent tyranny.
To create a balance of power. create a stable and long lasting gov. |
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Industrial Revolution
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Time period when england and america changed from an economy based on farming to one based on industry.
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Henry Ford
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used machines and assembly line to make cheaper cars and he paid his workers well. Car went from 2000 to 500 and he paid 5 a day
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Louis Pasteur
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determined bacteria caused disease
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Edward Jenner
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injected people w/ 1st vaccaination
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Captalism
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econ. system which buisness items and decisions are owned and determined by private individuals.
no gov regulation(control) |
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Adam Smith
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founder of capitalism and wrote Wealth of Nations
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French word meaning captalism or no gov control
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laissez-faire
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Other names for capit.
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Free Market Econ.
Free Enterprise |
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Communism
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Workers(proletariat) revolt against buisness owners(bourgeoisie)
workers set up a temp gov(dictarorship of the proletariot) All people except equality so gov. quits/is no longer needed Karl marx fouunded |
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Socialism
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People vote for or ask gov to create classless society
gov takes and keeps ownership of private property |
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similarites of socialism and communism
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created because capitalism=unequal
goal= create classless society provide neccesities of life for free to everyone Pay all workers the same |
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Labor unions
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groups of workers who collectively bargain for labor reforms
created in response to bad working conditions/wages of indus. revol. |
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Quartering Act
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Colonists had to provide housing to Redcoats
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Stamp Act
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Taxes on all paper/printed goods
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Phrase that colonists said because they had to pay taxes without people in parliament
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No Taxation without representation
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First estate
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clergy
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Second estate
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nobles
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third estate
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peasants and bourgeoisie
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King Louis XVI
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Spent too much money on the palace off versailles, war with england, and interest on loans
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The estates general
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a meeting of representatives from every estate
king organized to raise taxes each individual doesn't get a vote each estate gets one vote(vote by order) the kind gets the result, but doesn't have to follow |
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Vote by order
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each estate gets one vote
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3rd estate mistreated because
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only ones who had to pay taxes
had less political power had less privileges could never become part of a higher estate |
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Tennis court oath
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third estate members take it due to influence from abbe sieyes and form new gov called national assembly and create a new constitution called the declaration of the rights of man
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Decleration of the Rights of Man
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guran. protection of rights of people
protected people from an abusive gov. estab. a new gov limited monarchy |
